How to format your references using the Asia Pacific Education Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asia Pacific Education Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Masood, E. (2015). Maurice Strong (1929-2015). Nature, 528(7583), 480.

A journal article with 2 authors

Xiang, Y., & Kobilka, B. K. (2003). Myocyte adrenoceptor signaling pathways. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5625), 1530–1532.

A journal article with 3 authors

Goodman, D. B., Church, G. M., & Kosuri, S. (2013). Causes and effects of N-terminal codon bias in bacterial genes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6157), 475–479.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Greenleaf, W. J., Frieda, K. L., Foster, D. A. N., Woodside, M. T., & Block, S. M. (2008). Direct observation of hierarchical folding in single riboswitch aptamers. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5863), 630–633.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sullivan, D. M. (2012). Quantum Mechanics for Electrical Engineers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

de Zwaan, J., Lak, M., Makinwa, A., & Willems, P. (Eds.). (2016). Governance and Security Issues of the European Union: Challenges Ahead. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press.

A chapter in an edited book

St John, S. (2016). Can Older Citizens Lead the Way to a Universal Basic Income? In J. Mays, G. Marston, & J. Tomlinson (Eds.), Basic Income in Australia and New Zealand: Perspectives from the Neoliberal Frontier (pp. 95–114). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asia Pacific Education Review.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, October 10). Butterfly Numbers Saw Record Lows This Summer In The UK. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/butterfly-numbers-saw-record-lows-this-summer-in-the-uk/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1993). FAA Reauthorization: Opportunity Exists to Address Safety, Capacity, and Efficiency Issues (No. T-RCED-93-75). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Paulone, S. (2013). Mergers and Acquisitions: Examining Managerial Strategy Connection to Post Transaction Accounting Measures (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. (2014, October 24). Friday File. New York Times, p. C31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Masood 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Masood 2015; Xiang and Kobilka 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Xiang and Kobilka 2003)
Three or more authors: (Greenleaf et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asia Pacific Education Review
Abbreviation	Asia Pac. Educ. Rev.
ISSN (print)	1598-1037
ISSN (online)	1876-407X
Scope	Education