How to format your references using the Archives of Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Spurgeon D. Scientists call for Canada to boost polar-shelf funding. Nature. 2003;421:464.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Romanowicz B, Giardini D. Geophysics. The future of permanent seismic networks. Science. 2001;293:2000–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kim C, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Polymer gate dielectric surface viscoelasticity modulates pentacene transistor performance. Science. 2007;318:76–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Coskun UC, Wei T-C, Vishveshwara S, Goldbart PM, Bezryadin A. h/e magnetic flux modulation of the energy gap in nanotube quantum dots. Science. 2004;304:1132–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Leibowitz ML, Bova A, Hammond PB. The Endowment Model of Investing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Alapati SR. Oracle Database 11g: New Features for DBAs and Developers. Kim C, editor. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hemsley-Brown J, Oplatka I. Group Aspects of Consumer Behaviour. In: Oplatka I, editor. Higher Education Consumer Choice. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 65–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Physiotherapy.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Watch Slime Molds Recreate The Intro To Game Of Thrones [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/watch-slime-moulds-recreate-intro-game-thrones/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal-Aid Highways: Federal Highway Administration Could Further Mitigate Locally Administered Project Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Jan. Report No.: GAO-14-113.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Siani JM. Costs and benefits of cooperative infant care in wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Vecsey G. Amid Celebrations And the Cheers, Cashman Reflects. New York Times. 2009 Nov 7;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Arch. Physiother.
ISSN (online)	2057-0082
Scope