How to format your references using the Archives of Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dasheiff R. A career’s twisting road. Science. 2015;347:918.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Parish MM, Littlewood PB. Non-saturating magnetoresistance in heavily disordered semiconductors. Nature. 2003;426:162–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Rowe T, McBride EF, Sereno PC. Dinosaur with a heart of stone. Science. 2001;291:783.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bader B, Kuhn K, Owen DJ, Waldmann H, Wittinghofer A, Kuhlmann J. Bioorganic synthesis of lipid-modified proteins for the study of signal transduction. Nature. 2000;403:223–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Khoei AR. Extended Finite Element Method. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Yamanaka R, editor. Glioma: Immunotherapeutic Approaches. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kersten GE. Are Procurement Auctions Good for Society and for Buyers? In: Zaraté P, Kersten GE, Hernández JE, editors. Group Decision and Negotiation A Process-Oriented View: Joint INFORMS-GDN and EWG-DSS International Conference, GDN 2014, Toulouse, France, June 10-13, 2014 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 30–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Physiotherapy.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Humans Have Now Been Living In Space For 15 Years On The International Space Station [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/humans-have-now-been-living-space-15-years-iss/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Staffing, Training, and Funding Issues for FAA’s Major Work Forces. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Mar. Report No.: T-RCED-90-42.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Nuñez EM. Getting H.I.P. with First-Generation College Students: Decolonizing the High Impact Practice Movement [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Eder S, Protess B. Trump Business Pivots to Budget-Friendly Hotel Line. New York Times. 2017 Jun 5;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Arch. Physiother.
ISSN (online)	2057-0082
Scope