How to format your references using the Archives of Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Reichhardt T. Discovery of giant asteroid gives Pluto a rocky outlook. Nature. 2002;419:546.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kambe T, Oshima K. Dynamically fluctuating electric dipole moments in fullerene-based magnets. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6419.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. von Caemmerer S, Quick WP, Furbank RT. The development of C₄rice: current progress and future challenges. Science. 2012;336:1671–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Musser RO, Hum-Musser SM, Eichenseer H, Peiffer M, Ervin G, Murphy JB, et al. Herbivory: caterpillar saliva beats plant defences. Nature. 2002;416:599–600.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Castañeda LB, Arunachalam V, Dharmaraja S. Introduction to Probability and Stochastic Processes with Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Muthu SS, editor. Roadmap to Sustainable Textiles and Clothing: Eco-friendly Raw Materials, Technologies, and Processing Methods. Singapore: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Takeuchi W, Suzuki A, Ueno Y, Shiga T, Hirata K, Okamoto S, et al. Semiconductor Detector-Based Scanners for Nuclear Medicine. In: Kuge Y, Shiga T, Tamaki N, editors. Perspectives on Nuclear Medicine for Molecular Diagnosis and Integrated Therapy. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016. p. 51–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Physiotherapy.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Terry Pratchett Gave Us A Million Dollars For Alzheimer’s Research – Here’s What We Did With It [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/terry-pratchett-gave-us-million-dollars-alzheimer-s-research-here-s-what-we-did/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Vulnerability of the Computer Society. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976 Nov. Report No.: 100059.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bethany MP. Business continuity planning: Identifying gaps, patterns and justifications [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schmitt E, Bradsher K. After Pair of Crashes in 2 Months, Navy Will Pause for Safety Check. New York Times. 2017 Aug 21;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Arch. Physiother.
ISSN (online)	2057-0082
Scope