How to format your references using the Annals of Tropical Paediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor JP. Neuroscience. RNA that gets RAN in neurodegeneration. Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1282–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nielsen T, Kuijpers A. Only 5 southern Greenland shelf edge glaciations since the early Pliocene. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1875.

A journal article with 3 authors

Saá P, Castilla J, Soto C. Presymptomatic detection of prions in blood. Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):92–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kramer C, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC, Crosthwaite SK. Role for antisense RNA in regulating circadian clock function in Neurospora crassa. Nature. 2003 Feb 27;421(6926):948–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ghez R. A Primer of Diffusion Problems. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

Boer FS de, Bonsangue MM, Graf S, Roever WP de, editors. Formal Methods for Components and Objects: 4th International Symposium, FMCO 2005, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, November 1-4, 2005, Revised Lectures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. VIII, 429 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 4111).

A chapter in an edited book

Chruszcz-Lipska K, Blanch EW. Raman Optical Activity of Biological Samples. In: Baranska M, editor. Optical Spectroscopy and Computational Methods in Biology and Medicine. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 61–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics.

Blog post

Fang J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Polar Bears are Moving North Where There’s Year-Round Sea Ice. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/polar-bears-are-moving-north-towards-year-round-sea-ice/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Transportation System: Options and Analytical Tools to Strengthen DOT’s Approach to Supporting Communities’ Access to the System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Jul. Report No.: GAO-09-753.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simon JT. Classification of Mechanical and Electrical Response of High Performance Fiber Reinforced-Geopolymer Composites (HPFR-GPC) [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gillis J. For Third Year, the Earth in 2016 Set Heat Record. New York Times. 2017 Jan 18;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
Abbreviation	Ann. Trop. Paediatr.
ISSN (print)	0272-4936
ISSN (online)	1465-3281
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health