How to format your references using the Annals of Tropical Paediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mukhopadhyay S. Early differentiation and volatile accretion recorded in deep-mantle neon and xenon. Nature. 2012 Jun 6;486(7401):101–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Huber KE, Waldor MK. Filamentous phage integration requires the host recombinases XerC and XerD. Nature. 2002 Jun 6;417(6889):656–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

McCord TB, Hansen GB, Hibbitts CA. Hydrated salt minerals on Ganymede’s surface: evidence of an ocean below. Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1523–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Keller M, Lange B, Hayasaka K, Lange W, Walther H. Continuous generation of single photons with controlled waveform in an ion-trap cavity system. Nature. 2004 Oct 28;431(7012):1075–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jones RB. 20% Chance of Rain. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Kramer A, Kibaroglu A, Scheumann W, editors. Turkey’s Water Policy: National Frameworks and International Cooperation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. XXXI, 407 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Biggs BG, Kiker MK. ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN HARBORS AND COASTAL AREAS. In: Linkov I, Kiker GA, Wenning RJ, editors. Environmental Security in Harbors and Coastal Areas: Management Using Comparative Risk Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 53–77. (NATO Security through Science Series).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Six Amazing Sights That Look Even Better From The International Space Station. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/six-amazing-sights-look-even-better-international-space-station/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: Oversight of Rental Rates for Highway Construction Equipment Is Inadequate. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Jun. Report No.: RCED-93-86.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cummins K. A Mixed Methods Study on The Leader in Me Process: How Does Fostering Student Leadership Capacity Influence Behavior, Efficacy, and Achievement? [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S. The (Forever) New Romantics. New York Times. 2016 Apr 17;CT9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
Abbreviation	Ann. Trop. Paediatr.
ISSN (print)	0272-4936
ISSN (online)	1465-3281
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health