How to format your references using the Annals of Tropical Paediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Magurran AE. Ecology. Threats to freshwater fish. Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1215–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Scanlon JD, Lee MS. The Pleistocene serpent Wonambi and the early evolution of snakes. Nature. 2000 Jan 27;403(6768):416–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Feng Y, Zhang S, Huang X. A robust TALENs system for highly efficient mammalian genome editing. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 10;4:3632.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hou Y, Renwick P, Liu B, Bai J, Wang T. Room temperature plasmonic lasing in a continuous wave operation mode from an InGaN/GaN single nanorod with a low threshold. Sci Rep. 2014 May 23;4:5014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kramer H. Angewandte Baudynamik. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI, editors. Textbook of Aging Skin. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. 366 illus., 252 illus. in color. eReference.

A chapter in an edited book

Jousselme AL, Maupin P. An Evidential Pattern Matching Approach for Vehicle Identification. In: Denoeux T, Masson MH, editors. Belief Functions: Theory and Applications: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Belief Functions, Compiègne, France 9-11 May 2012. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 45–52. (Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics.

Blog post

Fang J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Glassfrogs Hatch Early When They’re Abandoned. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/glassfrogs-hatch-early-when-theyre-abandoned/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal-Aid Highways: Federal Requirements for Highways May Influence Funding Decisions and Create Challenges, but Benefits and Costs Are Not Tracked. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Dec. Report No.: GAO-09-36.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reese SR. Transitioning to the oboe: Methods and resources to assist in switching to the oboe from other woodwind instruments [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Where “You Have a Hole in One” Doesn’t Mean You Have a Cavity. New York Times. 2000 Aug 20;145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
Abbreviation	Ann. Trop. Paediatr.
ISSN (print)	0272-4936
ISSN (online)	1465-3281
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health