How to format your references using the Annals of Tropical Paediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heber U. Astronomy. White dwarf mergers and the rebirth of luminous stars. Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2344–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Falzarano D, Feldmann H. Virology. Delineating Ebola entry. Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):947–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dinner AR, Blackburn GM, Karplus M. Uracil-DNA glycosylase acts by substrate autocatalysis. Nature. 2001 Oct 18;413(6857):752–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Willett WC, Blot WJ, Colditz GA, Folsom AR, Henderson BE, Stampfer MJ. Merging and emerging cohorts: not worth the wait. Nature. 2007 Jan 18;445(7125):257–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998.

An edited book

Leeuwen JPV, Timmermans HJP, editors. Innovations in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006. XXII, 502 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Yu S, Chen H, Böhm C, Allgöwer F. Enlarging the Terminal Region of NMPC with Parameter-Dependent Terminal Control Law. In: Magni L, Raimondo DM, Allgöwer F, editors. Nonlinear Model Predictive Control: Towards New Challenging Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 69–78. (Morari M, Thoma M, editors. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Tropical Paediatrics.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Coin Spiders Chop Off Their Own Genitals After Sex. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/coin-spiders-chop-their-own-genitals-after-sex/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Security: Papers Prepared for GAO Conference on Worldwide Threats. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Apr. Report No.: NSIAD-92-104S.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pavuluri VK. Field Oriented Control of Induction Motors Based on DSP Controller [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Reporter’s Notebook; Fearing Fickleness, Clinton Says, “Stick With Us.” New York Times. 1992 Aug 8;18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
Abbreviation	Ann. Trop. Paediatr.
ISSN (print)	0272-4936
ISSN (online)	1465-3281
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health