How to format your references using the Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Turrigiano G. Neurobiology: Keeping a lid on it. Nature. 2014;511:297–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Steinhardt PJ, Turok N. Why the cosmological constant is small and positive. Science. 2006;312:1180–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Shim SH, Duffy TS, Shen G. The post-spinel transformation in Mg2SiO4 and its relation to the 660-km seismic discontinuity. Nature. 2001;411:571–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Paquay FS, Ravizza GE, Dalai TK, Peucker-Ehrenbrink B. Determining chondritic impactor size from the marine osmium isotope record. Science. 2008;320:214–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kitajima M. Memory and Action Selection in Human-Machine Interaction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Herrero P, Panetto H, Meersman R, Dillon T, editors. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops: Confederated International Workshops: OTM Academy, Industry Case Studies Program, EI2N, INBAST, META4eS, OnToContent, ORM, SeDeS, SINCOM, and SOMOCO 2012, Rome, Italy, September 10-14, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chen A. Pre-transplant Evaluation. In: Maziarz RT, Slater S, editors. Blood and Marrow Transplant Handbook: Comprehensive Guide for Patient Care. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. p. 27–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Eclipsing Binary Could Be A Supernova Model [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/eclipsing-binary-way-becoming-supernova/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Discontinuance of Social Security Student Benefits. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 Feb. Report No.: 117523.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gonzales DS. Identifying factors and quantifying their impact on transportation costs of pre-processes biomass [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Breathing While Undocumented. New York Times. 2010 Apr 27;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Surg. Innov. Res.
ISSN (online)	1750-1164
Scope	Surgery