How to format your references using the Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Miyashita Y. Cognitive memory: cellular and network machineries and their top-down control. Science. 2004;306:435–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Chan Y-HM, Marshall WF. How cells know the size of their organelles. Science. 2012;337:1186–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dudley AT, Ros MA, Tabin CJ. A re-examination of proximodistal patterning during vertebrate limb development. Nature. 2002;418:539–44.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Di Rosa I, Simoncelli F, Fagotti A, Pascolini R. Ecology: the proximate cause of frog declines? Nature. 2007;447:E4-5; discussion E5-6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Paret D. Design Constraints for NFC Devices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Eiseltová M, editor. Restoration of Lakes, Streams, Floodplains, and Bogs in Europe: Principles and Case Studies. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Esposito F, Fanizzi N, d’Amato C. Conceptual Clustering Applied to Ontologies. In: Raś ZW, Tsumoto S, Zighed D, editors. Mining Complex Data: ECML/PKDD 2007 Third International Workshop, MCD 2007, Warsaw, Poland, September 17-21, 2007, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 42–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Mid-Sized Planetary Body in Kuiper Belt Could Float In Water [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/mid-sized-planetary-body-kuiper-belt-could-float-water/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Guaranteed Student Loans: Potential Default and Cost Reduction Options. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Jan. Report No.: HRD-88-52BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Garishe SS. Protocol for file sharing in mobile ad hoc networks [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. Oh, the Faults in Their Stars. New York Times. 2017 Oct 25;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Surgical Innovation and Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Surg. Innov. Res.
ISSN (online)	1750-1164
Scope	Surgery