How to format your references using the Annals of Saudi Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Saudi Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spoor F. Palaeoanthropology: The middle Pliocene gets crowded. Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):432–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

LaDeau SL, Clark JS. Rising CO2 levels and the fecundity of forest trees. Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):95–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pertsinidis A, Zhang Y, Chu S. Subnanometre single-molecule localization, registration and distance measurements. Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):647–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Draper-Joyce CJ, Khoshouei M, Thal DM, Liang YL, Nguyen ATN, Furness SGB, et al. Structure of the adenosine-bound human adenosine A1 receptor-Gi complex. Nature. 2018 Jun;558(7711):559–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chiasson AD. Geothermal Heat Pump and Heat Engine Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Hameurlain A, Küng J, Wagner R, Dang TK, Thoai N, editors. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXIII: Selected Papers from FDSE 2014. 1st ed. 2016. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. IX, 125 p. 50 illus. in color. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9480).

A chapter in an edited book

Selleron G, Mezzadri-Centeno T. Evaluation of prospective modelling methods: fuzzy logics and cellular automaton applied to deforestation in Venezuela. In: Paegelow M, Olmedo MTC, editors. Modelling Environmental Dynamics: Advances in Geomatic Solutions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 109–39. (Environmental Science and Engineering).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Saudi Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Antarctic Crater May Be From Recent Meteorite. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/antarctic-crater-may-be-recent-meteorite/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Summary of a GAO Conference: Helping California Youths with Disabilities Transition to Work or Postsecondary Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006 Jun. Report No.: GAO-06-759SP.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Koner KM. The development and validation of an instrument to measure wind ensemble error detection skills among instrumental music educators [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Nassau County Buys Farm Development Rights. New York Times. 2007 Apr 29;14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Saudi Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Saudi Med.
ISSN (print)	0256-4947
ISSN (online)	0975-4466
Scope	General Medicine