How to format your references using the Annals of Saudi Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Saudi Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Szymańska MH. Physics. Intertwining electron tunneling with light. Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):679–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nisbet MC, Mooney C. Science and society. Framing Science. Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):56.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parr BT, Economou C, Herzon SB. A concise synthesis of (+)-batzelladine B from simple pyrrole-based starting materials. Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):507–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Phanse Y, Carrillo-Conde BR, Ramer-Tait AE, Broderick S, Kong CS, Rajan K, et al. A systems approach to designing next generation vaccines: combining α-galactose modified antigens with nanoparticle platforms. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 20;4:3775.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Curry SH, Whelpton R. Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Oshri I, Kotlarsky J, Willcocks LP, editors. Achieving Success and Innovation in Global Sourcing: Perspectives and Practices: 9th Global Sourcing Workshop 2015, La Thuile, Italy, February 18-21, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. VIII, 251 p. 50 illus. in color. (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing; vol. 236).

A chapter in an edited book

Middleton H. Sociological Perspectives of Coercion in Psychiatry. In: Völlm B, Nedopil N, editors. The Use of Coercive Measures in Forensic Psychiatric Care: Legal, Ethical and Practical Challenges. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 49–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Saudi Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. World’s Largest Asteroid Impact Site Could Be Right Here In Australia. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/worlds-largest-asteroid-impact-site-could-be-right-here-australia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review of NASA’s Solicitation for the Leasing of Office Space in the Houston, Texas, Area. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Apr. Report No.: LCD-78-325.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hartley DL. Transnational jazz and blues: Aural aesthetics and African diasporic fiction [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. At All-Star Game, Politics and Passion Are Also in Play. New York Times. 2011 Jul 11;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Saudi Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Saudi Med.
ISSN (print)	0256-4947
ISSN (online)	0975-4466
Scope	General Medicine