How to format your references using the Annals of Saudi Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Saudi Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jayaraman KS. Indian rocket fizzles out as test launch fails to fly. Nature. 2001 Apr 5;410(6829):619.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jupp T, Schultz A. A thermodynamic explanation for black smoker temperatures. Nature. 2000 Feb 24;403(6772):880–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bode F, Sachs F, Franz MR. Tarantula peptide inhibits atrial fibrillation. Nature. 2001 Jan 4;409(6816):35–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jung JW, Jeon HM, Pyo J, Lim JH, Weon BM, Kohmura Y, et al. Four-dimensional visualization of rising microbubbles. Sci Rep. 2014 May 28;4:5083.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Luther GW III. Inorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry and Environmental Sciences. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Ramasubramanian K. Tantrasaṅgraha of Nīlakaṇṭha Somayājī. 1st ed. Sriram MS, editor. London: Springer; 2011. XXX, 598 p. 173 illus., 167 illus. in color. (Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences).

A chapter in an edited book

Nichol R. Traditional Socialisation and Education in Melanesia. In: Nichol R, editor. Growing up Indigenous: Developing Effective Pedagogy for Education and Development. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2011. p. 59–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Saudi Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Animals Were Building Reefs 550 Million Years Ago. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/animals-were-building-reefs-550-million-years-ago/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Early Education and Care: Overlap Indicates Need to Assess Crosscutting Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Apr. Report No.: HEHS-00-78.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Borisova-Kidder A. Meta-Analytical Estimates of Values of Environmental Services Enhanced by Government Agricultural Conservation Programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD. Trump Halted Chemical Attack, Officials Say. New York Times. 2017 Jun 29;A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Saudi Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Saudi Med.
ISSN (print)	0256-4947
ISSN (online)	0975-4466
Scope	General Medicine