How to format your references using the American Journal of Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dance A. Health impact: Breathless. Nature. 2012 Sep;489(7417):S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ruskov R, Tahan C. Quantum Processing. Catching the quantum sound wave. Science. 2014 Oct;346(6206):165–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thitamadee S, Tuchihara K, Hashimoto T. Microtubule basis for left-handed helical growth in Arabidopsis. Nature. 2002 May;417(6885):193–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Allen MR, Frame DJ, Huntingford C, Jones CD, Lowe JA, Meinshausen M, et al. Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature. 2009 Apr;458(7242):1163–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Freeman RL. Reference Manual for Telecommunications Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2002.

An edited book

McComas WF, editor. The Language of Science Education: An Expanded Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts in Science Teaching and Learning. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Rogers Y. Using External Visualizations to Extend and Integrate Learning in Mobile and Classroom Settings. In: Gilbert JK, Reiner M, Nakhleh M, editors. Visualization: Theory and Practice in Science Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008; pp 89–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Nephrology.

Blog post

Davis J. Sharks Sense Prey Using Proton-Conducting Jelly [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 May [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/shark-sense-organ-works-using-proton-conducting-jelly/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Better Cash Management Can Reduce the Cost of the National Direct Student Loan Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilson ML. The Power of Spoken Word: Oral History As Social Work Pedagogy. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Sep;MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Nephrology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0250-8095
ISSN (online)	1421-9670
Scope	Nephrology