How to format your references using the American Journal of Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carlson EW. Condensed-matter physics: Charge topology in superconductors. Nature. 2015 Sep;525(7569):329–30.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stark J, Hardy K. Mathematics. Chaos: useful at last? Science. 2003 Aug;301(5637):1192–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Obata Y, Kono T, Hatada I. Gene silencing: maturation of mouse fetal germ cells in vitro. Nature. 2002 Aug;418(6897):497.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Müller CM, Pejcic B, Esteban L, Delle Piane C, Raven M, Mizaikoff B. Infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy: an innovative strategy for analyzing mineral components in energy relevant systems. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct;4:6764.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Packard A. Digital Media Law. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Kabashima K, editor. Immunology of the Skin: Basic and Clinical Sciences in Skin Immune Responses. 1st ed. 2016. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Simon HU. Spectral Norm in Learning Theory: Some Selected Topics. In: Balcázar JL, Long PM, Stephan F, editors. Algorithmic Learning Theory: 17th International Conference, ALT 2006, Barcelona, Spain, October 7-10, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006; pp 13–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Nephrology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Gene Found That Harms Males, Not Females [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Aug [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/gene-found-that-harms-males-not-females/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Security: Perspectives on Worldwide Threats and Implications for U.S. Forces. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lupian S. Educating the Latino community on the relationship between obesity and psychosocial well being. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Welcoming Back N.B.A. With Open Yawns. New York Times. 2011 Nov;B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Nephrology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0250-8095
ISSN (online)	1421-9670
Scope	Nephrology