How to format your references using the American Journal of Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shaw RJ. Cell biology. GATORs take a bite out of mTOR. Science. 2013 May;340(6136):1056–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

deHaseth PL, Nilsen TW. Molecular biology. When a part is as good as the whole. Science. 2004 Feb;303(5662):1307–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Naeem S, Duffy JE, Zavaleta E. The functions of biological diversity in an age of extinction. Science. 2012 Jun;336(6087):1401–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Okamoto A, Kalathil S, Deng X, Hashimoto K, Nakamura R, Nealson KH. Cell-secreted flavins bound to membrane cytochromes dictate electron transfer reactions to surfaces with diverse charge and pH. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul;4:5628.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoffman RV. Organic Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Gianin ER. Esercizi di finanza matematica. Milano: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Hbid ML, Ezzinbi K. VARIATION OF CONSTANT FORMULA FOR DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. In: Arino O, Hbid ML, Dads EA, editors. Delay Differential Equations and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006; pp 143–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Nephrology.

Blog post

Taub B. Here’s Why Some People Don’t Like Music [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Nov [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/heres-why-some-people-dont-like-music/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Business Systems Modernization: Strategy for Evolving DOD’s Business Enterprise Architecture Offers a Conceptual Approach, but Execution Details Are Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Biermann JL. The distribution of Callinectes sapidus megalopae at the mouths of Chesapeake and Delaware Bays: Implications for larval ingress. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky L. Art and Action. New York Times. 2010 Oct;M242.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Nephrology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0250-8095
ISSN (online)	1421-9670
Scope	Nephrology