How to format your references using the American Journal of Cancer Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Cancer Research (AJCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kirchman D. Journal club. A microbial ecologist learns something new from an old-fashioned study. Nature 2009; 459: 13.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Riskin DK, Hermanson JW. Biomechanics: independent evolution of running in vampire bats. Nature 2005; 434: 292.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Nandy D, Muñoz-Jaramillo A, Martens PCH. The unusual minimum of sunspot cycle 23 caused by meridional plasma flow variations. Nature 2011; 471: 80–82.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Hu JH, Miller SM, Geurts MH, Tang W, Chen L, Sun N, Zeina CM, Gao X, Rees HA, Lin Z, Liu DR. Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity. Nature 2018; 556: 57–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Tagliani M. The Practical Guide to Wall Street. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.

An edited book

[1]

Finkl CW, ed. Coastal Hazards. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Xie R, Gamble R, Ahmed N. Diagnosing Vulnerability Patterns in Cloud Audit Logs. High Performance Cloud Auditing and Applications. Edited by Han KJ, Choi B-Y, Song S. New York, NY, Springer, 2014, pp. 119–146.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Cancer Research.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Perhaps Porn Doesn’t Make Men Fall Out of Love After All. IFLScience, 2017, https://www.iflscience.com/brain/perhaps-porn-doesnt-make-men-fall-out-of-love-after-all/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Passenger Rail Security: Enhanced Federal Leadership Needed to Prioritize and Guide Security Efforts. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Johnson A. Instructional Practices in Physical Education Programs for Students with Disabilities. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Remembering Waitz, a Champion and Companion. New York Times, 2011, B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1,2,3,4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Cancer Research
ISSN (online)	2156-6976
Scope