How to format your references using the Alternatives to Animal Experimentation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alternatives to Animal Experimentation (ALTEX). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gottfried, K. (2002). Matter all in the mind. Nature 419, 117

A journal article with 2 authors

Etienne-Manneville, S. and Hall, A. (2003). Cdc42 regulates GSK-3beta and adenomatous polyposis coli to control cell polarity. Nature 421, 753–756

A journal article with 3 authors

Hinks, D. G., Claus, H. and Jorgensen, J. D. (2001). The complex nature of superconductivity in MgB2 as revealed by the reduced total isotope effect. Nature 411, 457–460

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Raffaele, S., Farrer, R. A., Cano, L. M. et al. (2010). Genome evolution following host jumps in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage. Science 330, 1540–1543

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jank, W. and Shmueli, G. (2010). Modeling Online Auctions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Leonardis, A., Bischof, H. and Pinz, A. (eds.) (2006). Computer Vision – ECCV 2006: 9th European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7-13, 2006, Proceedings, Part IV. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Baranzini, M. and Mirante, A. (2016). The Influential Role of Oxbridge Italian Economists in Science and Civil Society. In A. Mirante (ed.), A Compendium of Italian Economists at Oxbridge: Contributions to the Evolution of Economic Thinking (201–206). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alternatives to Animal Experimentation.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). This Book Could Save Lives By Purifying Drinking Water. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/book-could-give-saves-lives-purifying-drinking-water/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992). Job Training Partnership Act: Actions Needed to Improve Participant Support Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Siczek, M. M. (2014). Negotiating Socioacademic Space: The Lived Experience of International Second-Language Students in a Mainstream First-year Writing Course. Doctoral dissertation. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Buckley, C. (2013). Grad Student With Eye On Career in Finance Is Mourned in China. New York Times, A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gottfried, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Gottfried, 2002; Etienne-Manneville and Hall, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Etienne-Manneville and Hall, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Raffaele et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alternatives to Animal Experimentation
ISSN (print)	0946-7785
Scope