How to format your references using the Algorithms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Algorithms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heki, K. Geophysics. A Tale of Two Earthquakes. Science 2011, 332, 1390–1391.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rehwinkel, J.; Reis e Sousa, C. RIGorous Detection: Exposing Virus through RNA Sensing. Science 2010, 327, 284–286.

A journal article with 3 authors

LaDeau, S.L.; Kilpatrick, A.M.; Marra, P.P. West Nile Virus Emergence and Large-Scale Declines of North American Bird Populations. Nature 2007, 447, 710–713.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Pan, H.; Deng, W.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, X.; Jie, J. In-Situ Device Integration of Large-Area Patterned Organic Nanowire Arrays for High-Performance Optical Sensors. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3248.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cooke, R.M.; Nieboer, D.; Misiewicz, J. Fat-Tailed Distributions: Volume 1; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2014; ISBN 9781119054207.

An edited book

Advanced Design Cultures: Long-Term Perspective and Continuous Innovation; Celi, M., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; ISBN 9783319086019.

A chapter in an edited book

Sato, T.; Kawamura, Y.; Yamaki, K.; Ishida, N.; Tian, L.; Takeuchi, Y.; Hashimoto, K.; Abiko, Y.; Mayanagi, G.; Washio, J.; et al. Oral Microbiota in Crevices Around Dental Implants: Profiling of Oral Biofilm. In Interface Oral Health Science 2014: Innovative Research on Biosis-Abiosis Intelligent Interface; Sasaki, K., Suzuki, O., Takahashi, N., Eds.; Springer Japan: Tokyo, 2015; pp. 45–50 ISBN 9784431551256.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Algorithms.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 3DTouch Works In 3 Dimensions & Could Replace The Computer Mouse Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/3dtouch-works-3-dimensions-could-replace-computer-mouse/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Natural Gas: Factors Affecting Approval Times for Construction of Natural Gas Pipelines; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1992;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCoy, N. Functionality Evaluation of the Wave Suppressor and Sediment Collection (WSSC) System: Wave Reduction, Sediment Collection, Mathematical Model, and Preliminary Field Evaluation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana: Lafayette, LA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. Cafe Borgia, Like Its Beat Heyday And Lucrezia Herself, Is History. New York Times 2001, 145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Algorithms
Abbreviation	Algorithms
ISSN (online)	1999-4893
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computational Mathematics Numerical Analysis Theoretical Computer Science