How to format your references using the Algorithms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Algorithms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kuo, A.D. Biophysics. Harvesting Energy by Improving the Economy of Human Walking. Science 2005, 309, 1686–1687.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trenberth, K.E.; Otto-Bliesner, B.L. Paleoclimate. Toward Integrated Reconstruction of Past Climates. Science 2003, 300, 589–590.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cai, L.; Dalal, C.K.; Elowitz, M.B. Frequency-Modulated Nuclear Localization Bursts Coordinate Gene Regulation. Nature 2008, 455, 485–490.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Steig, E.J.; Schneider, D.P.; Rutherford, S.D.; Mann, M.E.; Comiso, J.C.; Shindell, D.T. Warming of the Antarctic Ice-Sheet Surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year. Nature 2009, 457, 459–462.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hulin, W.; Jin-Ting, Z. Nonparametric Regression Methods for Longitudinal Data Analysis: Mixed-Effects Modeling Approaches; Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2006; ISBN 9780470009673.

An edited book

Arnon, I. APOS Theory: A Framework for Research and Curriculum Development in Mathematics Education; Cottrill, J., Dubinsky, E., Oktaç, A., Roa Fuentes, S., Trigueros, M., Weller, K., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2014; ISBN 9781461479659.

A chapter in an edited book

Flom, R. Intersensory Perception of Faces and Voices in Infants. In Integrating Face and Voice in Person Perception; Belin, P., Campanella, S., Ethofer, T., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2013; pp. 71–93 ISBN 9781461435846.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Algorithms.

Blog post

Andrews, R. HPV Vaccine Halves Cervical Cancer Rates In Just 10 Years Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/hpv-vaccine-halves-cervical-cancer-rates-just-10-years/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Low-Income and Minority Serving Institutions: Management Attention to Long-Standing Concerns Needed to Improve Education’s Oversight of Grant Programs; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2009;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hasan, S.N. Design and Optimization of 2012 Formula SAE Chassis with Finite Element Analysis for CSULB. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B. Hezbollah Wields Rising Power as Iran’s Enforcer. New York Times 2017, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Algorithms
Abbreviation	Algorithms
ISSN (online)	1999-4893
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computational Mathematics Numerical Analysis Theoretical Computer Science