How to format your references using the Algorithms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Algorithms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon, J. The Gonzo Scientist. Scientists, We Need Your Swords! Science 2008, 320, 312.

A journal article with 2 authors

Coburn, W.; Boggs, S.E. Polarization of the Prompt Gamma-Ray Emission from the Gamma-Ray Burst of 6 December 2002. Nature 2003, 423, 415–417.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu, Z.; Gandhi, C.S.; Rees, D.C. Structure of a Tetrameric MscL in an Expanded Intermediate State. Nature 2009, 461, 120–124.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Matthiesen, C.; Stanley, M.J.; Hugues, M.; Clarke, E.; Atatüre, M. Full Counting Statistics of Quantum Dot Resonance Fluorescence. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4911.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Joseph, G. Doing Physics with Scientific Notebook; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK, 2012; ISBN 9781119941576.

An edited book

The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges: 11th International Conference, ESWC 2014, Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014. Proceedings; Presutti, V., d’Amato, C., Gandon, F., d’Aquin, M., Staab, S., Tordai, A., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; Vol. 8465; ISBN 9783319074429.

A chapter in an edited book

Summers, J.A. The Sclera and Its Role in Regulation of the Refractive State. In Pathologic Myopia; Spaide, R.F., Ohno-Matsui, K., Yannuzzi, L.A., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2014; pp. 59–74 ISBN 9781461483373.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Algorithms.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Scientists Use The Power Of Acoustics For Real-Life Levitation (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Transportation Safety: Medical Certification and Background Check Requirements for Pilots, Vessel Masters, and Commercial Drivers Vary; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2008;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gu, J. Measurement, Modeling, and Synthesis of Time-Varying Appearance of Natural Phenomena. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University: New York, NY, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Loewenstein, G.; Ubel, P. Economics Behaving Badly. New York Times 2010, A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Algorithms
Abbreviation	Algorithms
ISSN (online)	1999-4893
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computational Mathematics Numerical Analysis Theoretical Computer Science