How to format your references using the Alcohol and Alcoholism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alcohol and Alcoholism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kahn SD. (2011) On the future of genomic data. Science 331: 728–729.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mellars P, French JC. (2011) Tenfold population increase in Western Europe at the Neandertal-to-modern human transition. Science 333: 623–627.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wagemaker M, Kentgens APM, Mulder FM. (2002) Equilibrium lithium transport between nanocrystalline phases in intercalated TiO(2) anatase. Nature 418: 397–399.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ohlrogge J, Allen D, Berguson B, Dellapenna D, Shachar-Hill Y, Stymne S. (2009) Energy. Driving on biomass. Science 324: 1019–1020.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu QK. (2005) Power Distribution Network Design For VLSI. In. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Mullen KD, Prakash RK (eds). (2012) Hepatic Encephalopathy. In. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Fernández JFG, Márquez AC. (2012) Techniques and Tools for Maintenance Management. In A. Crespo Márquez (ed), Maintenance Management in Network Utilities: Framework and Practical Implementation, pp. 85–123. London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alcohol and Alcoholism.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. (2015) New Type Of Mid-Sized Black Hole Found. IFLScience. IFLScience. Https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-type-mid-sized-black-hole-found-distant-galaxy/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999) Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Important Progress Made, Yet Much Work Remains to Avoid Disruption of Critical Services. In. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Calderwood A. (2014) Improving the singer’s understanding of bebop language: Transcription application. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmitt E, Bradsher K. (2017) After Pair of Crashes in 2 Months, Navy Will Pause for Safety Check. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kahn, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Kahn, 2011; Mellars and French, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mellars and French, 2011)
Three authors: (Wagemaker, Kentgens, and Mulder, 2002)
4 or more authors: (Ohlrogge et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alcohol and Alcoholism
ISSN (print)	0735-0414
ISSN (online)	1464-3502
Scope