How to format your references using the African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jorgensen, William L. 2004. “The Many Roles of Computation in Drug Discovery.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 303 (5665): 1813–1818.

A journal article with 2 authors

Crawley, M. J., and J. E. Harral. 2001. “Scale Dependence in Plant Biodiversity.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 291 (5505): 864–868.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schmidt, William H., Richard Houang, and Leland S. Cogan. 2011. “Education. Preparing Future Math Teachers.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 332 (6035): 1266–1267.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Jinks, Robert N., Tara L. Markley, Elizabeth E. Taylor, Gina Perovich, Ana I. Dittel, Charles E. Epifanio, and Thomas W. Cronin. 2002. “Adaptive Visual Metamorphosis in a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Crab.” Nature 420 (6911): 68–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwartz, Robert A., Michael G. Carew, and Tatiana Maksimenko. 2010. Micro Markets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Loper, Margaret L., ed. 2015. Modeling and Simulation in the Systems Engineering Life Cycle: Core Concepts and Accompanying Lectures. Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Borgefors, Gunilla, Ingela Nyström, and Gabriella Sanniti di Baja. 2008. “Discrete Skeletons from Distance Transforms in 2D and 3D.” In Medial Representations: Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications, edited by Kaleem Siddiqi and Stephen M. Pizer, 155–190. Computational Imaging and Vision. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2015. “Ozone Depletion Could Have Been Much Worse.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ozone-depletion-could-have-been-much-worse/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2010. America COMPETES Act: It Is Too Early to Evaluate Programs Long-Term Effectiveness, but Agencies Could Improve Reporting of High-Risk, High-Reward Research Priorities. GAO-11-127R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shackelford, Victoria. 2014. “Mary’s Mandala Story: Images of Chaos in Mandala Psychology.” Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky, Linda. 2008. “Road Scholar.” New York Times, May 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jorgensen 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Jorgensen 2004; Crawley and Harral 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Crawley and Harral 2001)
Three authors: (Schmidt, Houang, and Cogan 2011)
4 or more authors: (Jinks et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal
ISSN (print)	1752-8631
ISSN (online)	1752-864X
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies Demography