How to format your references using the Academic Questions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Academic Questions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nobrega, Marcelo A. 2010. Journal club. A human geneticist explores the ways that genes are regulated. Nature 466: 11.

A journal article with 2 authors

Huberman, Andrew D., and Rana N. El-Danaf. 2015. Blindness: Assassins of eyesight. Nature 527: 456–457.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, Jennifer Y., Jeffrey A. Engelman, and Lewis C. Cantley. 2007. Biochemistry. PI3K charges ahead. Science (New York, N.Y.) 317: 206–207.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lee, Tatia M. C., Mei-Kei Leung, Tiffany M. Y. Lee, Adrian Raine, and Chetwyn C. H. Chan. 2013. I want to lie about not knowing you, but my precuneus refuses to cooperate. Scientific reports 3: 1636.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Feldkamp, Frederick L., and R. Christopher Whalen. 2014. Financial Stability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Matloff, Greg. 2014. Harvesting Space for a Greener Earth. Edited by C. Bangs and Les Johnson. 2nd ed. 2014. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rondeau, Mathieu, Nicolas Seube, and Julian Le Denuf. 2016. Surveying in Hostile and Non Accessible Areas with the Bathymetric HydroBall $$^{\circledR }$$ ® Buoy. In Quantitative Monitoring of the Underwater Environment: Results of the International Marine Science and Technology Event MOQESM´14 in Brest, France, ed. Benoît Zerr, Luc Jaulin, Vincent Creuze, Nathalie Debese, Isabelle Quidu, Benoît Clement, and Annick Billon-Coat, 47–56. Ocean Engineering & Oceanography. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Academic Questions.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2017. Daphnis Making Waves In Saturn’s Rings. IFLScience. IFLScience. January 18.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1996. Job Corps: Comparison of Federal Program With State Youth Training Initiatives. HEHS-96-92. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, Belinda. 2017. The Impact on Reunification for Families with Incarcerated Parents: A Policy Analysis of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. 2001. As Plans for Marsh Dry Up, Park’s Neighbors Complain. New York Times, August 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Academic Questions
Abbreviation	Acad. Quest.
ISSN (print)	0895-4852
ISSN (online)	1936-4709
Scope	Education

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