How to format your references using the Academic Questions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Academic Questions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pokrovsky, Vladimir. 2015. Science policy. Russia targets Western ties. Science (New York, N.Y.) 349: 224–225.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pörtner, Hans O., and Anthony P. Farrell. 2008. Ecology. Physiology and climate change. Science (New York, N.Y.) 322: 690–692.

A journal article with 3 authors

Muraoka, Takahiro, Kazushi Kinbara, and Takuzo Aida. 2006. Mechanical twisting of a guest by a photoresponsive host. Nature 440: 512–515.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Erlandson, Jon M., Torben C. Rick, Todd J. Braje, Molly Casperson, Brendan Culleton, Brian Fulfrost, Tracy Garcia, et al. 2011. Paleoindian seafaring, maritime technologies, and coastal foraging on California’s Channel Islands. Science (New York, N.Y.) 331: 1181–1185.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Das, J. C. 2015. Power System Harmonics and Passive Filter Designs. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Cortés, Pablo, Elvira Maeso-González, and Alejandro Escudero-Santana, ed. 2015. Enhancing Synergies in a Collaborative Environment. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Cataldo, Andrea, Egidio De Benedetto, and Giuseppe Cannazza. 2011. Qualitative Characterization of Granular Materials and Moisture Measurements. In Broadband Reflectometry for Enhanced Diagnostics and Monitoring Applications, ed. Egidio De Benedetto and Giuseppe Cannazza, 85–131. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Academic Questions.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2015. Fossils Reveal That Modern Humans Were Living In China 20,000 Years Before We Thought They Left Africa. IFLScience. IFLScience. October 15.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2011. Aviation Security: TSA Has Made Progress, but Additional Efforts Are Needed to Improve Security. GAO-11-938T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meier, Malinda R. 2009. Exploring the effects of school calendars on student achievement. Doctoral dissertation, St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. 2003. Never-Never Land. New York Times, August 31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Academic Questions
Abbreviation	Acad. Quest.
ISSN (print)	0895-4852
ISSN (online)	1936-4709
Scope	Education