How to format your references using the Academic Questions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Academic Questions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koff, Wayne C. 2010. Accelerating HIV vaccine development. Nature 464: 161–162.

A journal article with 2 authors

Artal-Sanz, Marta, and Nektarios Tavernarakis. 2009. Prohibitin couples diapause signalling to mitochondrial metabolism during ageing in C. elegans. Nature 461: 793–797.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shekhawat, Gajendra, Soo-Hyun Tark, and Vinayak P. Dravid. 2006. MOSFET-Embedded microcantilevers for measuring deflection in biomolecular sensors. Science (New York, N.Y.) 311: 1592–1595.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Abrahamsen, Bjarke, Jing Zhao, Curtis O. Asante, Cruz Miguel Cendan, Steve Marsh, Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera, Mohammed A. Nassar, Anthony H. Dickenson, and John N. Wood. 2008. The cell and molecular basis of mechanical, cold, and inflammatory pain. Science (New York, N.Y.) 321: 702–705.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boutillier, Sophie, Denis Carré, and Nadine Levratto. 2016. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Uyar, A. Sima, Ender Ozcan, and Neil Urquhart, ed. 2013. Automated Scheduling and Planning: From Theory to Practice. Vol. 505. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sallusto, Federica, Alfonso Martín-Fontecha, and Antonio Lanzavecchia. 2006. Dendritic cell traffic control by chemokines. In Chemokine Biology — Basic Research and Clinical Application: Volume I: Immunobiology of Chemokines, ed. Bernhard Moser, Gordon L. Letts, and Kuldeep Neote, 79–89. Progress in Inflammation Research. Basel: Birkhäuser.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Academic Questions.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. We Are Lucky To Live In A Universe Made For Us. IFLScience. IFLScience. September 15.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Space Data: NASA’s Future Data Volumes Create Formidable Challenges. IMTEC-91-24. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soheili, Arash. 2008. A transannular Cope approach toward the core structure of isocyclocitrinol. Doctoral dissertation, New York, NY: Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, Ben. 2017. Art’s but a Walking Shadow. New York Times, June 20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Academic Questions
Abbreviation	Acad. Quest.
ISSN (print)	0895-4852
ISSN (online)	1936-4709
Scope	Education