How to format your references using the AAPS PharmSciTech citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for AAPS PharmSciTech. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Feinberg AP. Phenotypic plasticity and the epigenetics of human disease. Nature. 2007;447:433–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lee SK, Ahn CW. Probing of 2 dimensional confinement-induced structural transitions in amorphous oxide thin film. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4200.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ghimire A, Shafran E, Gerton JM. Using a sharp metal tip to control the polarization and direction of emission from a quantum dot. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6456.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Krumholz MR, Klein RI, McKee CF, Offner SSR, Cunningham AJ. The formation of massive star systems by accretion. Science. 2009;323:754–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Billingsley J. Essentials of Mechatronics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

1. Xie M, Xiong Y, Xiong C, Liu H, Hu Z, editors. Intelligent Robotics and Applications: Second International Conference, ICIRA 2009, Singapore, December 16-18, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bhattacharyya S, Maulik U. Target Tracking Using Fuzzy Hostility Induced Segmentation of Optical Flow Field. In: Maulik U, editor. Soft Computing for Image and Multimedia Data Processing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 97–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for AAPS PharmSciTech.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. This Robotic Flying Bat Could Be The Future Of Drones. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Services for the Elderly: Longstanding Transportation Problems Need More Federal Attention. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Aug. Report No.: HRD-91-117.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Nonu ME. Eagle Lake Climate Change during the Holocene and during the Last 100 Years [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sisario B. Johnny Cash Has Now Become the Poet in Black. New York Times. 2016 Nov 11;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	AAPS PharmSciTech
Abbreviation	AAPS PharmSciTech
ISSN (online)	1530-9932
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology General Medicine Drug Discovery Pharmaceutical Science