How to format your references using the 3 Biotech citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 3 Biotech. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mims C (2010) Life in science: Generation X-change. Nature 467:S16-8

A journal article with 2 authors

Pearse A-M, Swift K (2006) Allograft theory: transmission of devil facial-tumour disease. Nature 439:549

A journal article with 3 authors

Duplessy JC, Roche DM, Kageyama M (2007) The deep ocean during the last interglacial period. Science 316:89–91

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Busskamp V, Duebel J, Balya D, et al (2010) Genetic reactivation of cone photoreceptors restores visual responses in retinitis pigmentosa. Science 329:413–417

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burk F (1997) Lebesgue Measure and Integration. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Conrady R, Buck M (eds) (2012) Trends and Issues in Global Tourism 2012. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Verweij M (2011) Case Description: The Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis. In: Dubbink W, Liedekerke L van, Luijk H van (eds) European Business Ethics Cases in Context: The Morality of Corporate Decision Making. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 33–45

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 3 Biotech.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) North Korean Scientist Defects; Will Testify On Human Experimentation. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/biochemical-researcher-defects-north-korea-finland/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) School Bullying: Legal Protections for Vulnerable Youth Need to Be More Fully Assessed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gwaduri E (2009) A personal narrative: Struggles and experiences of acculturation as a Pakistani Shia Muslim while battling immigration. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen T, Itzkoff D, Vanderbilt T, et al (2012) The One-Page Magazine. New York Times MM11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mims 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Pearse and Swift 2006; Mims 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pearse and Swift 2006)
Three or more authors: (Busskamp et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	3 Biotech
Abbreviation	3 Biotech
ISSN (print)	2190-572X
ISSN (online)	2190-5738
Scope	Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Biotechnology Environmental Science (miscellaneous)