How to format your references using the Urban Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urban Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Banks, M. (2007). Seeking a PhD abroad. Nature, 445(7128), p. 680.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yu, T., & Eberly, J. H. (2009). Sudden death of entanglement. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5914), pp. 598–601.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koo, B., Nottenburg, C., & Pardey, P. G. (2004). Intellectual property. Plants and intellectual property: an international appraisal. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5700), pp. 1295–1297.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Turner, S., Tonarini, S., Bindeman, I., Leeman, W. P., & Schaefer, B. F. (2007). Boron and oxygen isotope evidence for recycling of subducted components over the past 2.5 Gyr. Nature, 447(7145), pp. 702–705.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tolinski, M. (2011). Plastics and Sustainability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Duch, W., Kacprzyk, J., Oja, E., & Zadrożny, S. (Eds.). (2005). Artificial Neural Networks: Biological Inspirations – ICANN 2005: 15th International Conference, Warsaw, Poland, September 11-15, 2005. Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bauer, F. L. (2011). Use of Continued Fractions and Algorithms Related to Them, in: A. Ghizzetti (Ed.), Alcune questioni di analisi numerica, pp. 352–419. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urban Studies.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014). Successful Spider Cities Require Just the Right Mix of Females. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/successful-spider-cities-require-just-right-mix-females/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2009). Teacher Quality: Survey Results of State Officials on Efforts to Coordinate Teacher Quality Initiatives (GAO-09-594SP, July 2009), an E-supplement to GAO-09-593. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Howard, R. (2015). Aging well adult day care center.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, M. (2017). Listen In, With the Bird Man of Classical. New York Times, p. C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Banks, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Banks, 2007; Yu & Eberly, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yu & Eberly, 2009)
Three authors: (Koo, Nottenburg, & Pardey, 2004)
6 or more authors: (Turner, Tonarini, Bindeman, Leeman, & Schaefer, 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Urban Studies
Abbreviation	Urban Stud.
ISSN (print)	0042-0980
ISSN (online)	1360-063X
Scope	Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Urban Studies