How to format your references using the Seminars in Perinatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Perinatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kawaler SD. Astronomy. Taking the pulse of a massive star. Science. 2003;300(5627):1885-1886.

A journal article with 2 authors

Atatüre M, Morton JJL. Quantum information. A gem of a quantum teleporter. Science. 2014;345(6196):510-511.

A journal article with 3 authors

Falenty A, Hansen TC, Kuhs WF. Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate. Nature. 2014;516(7530):231-233.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cousineau B, Lawrence S, Smith D, Belfort M. Retrotransposition of a bacterial group II intron. Nature. 2000;404(6781):1018-1021.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Coutts J. Loft Conversions. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Hartlep ND, Hensley BO, eds. Critical Storytelling in Uncritical Times: Stories Disclosed in a Cultural Foundations of Education Course. SensePublishers; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Robinson B. The Welfare and Education of Left-Behind Children in Western China. In: Lee JCK, Yu Z, Huang X, Law EHF, eds. Educational Development in Western China: Towards Quality and Equity. SensePublishers; 2016:97-119.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Perinatology.

Blog post

Fang J. Existence of Exotic Hadron Confirmed. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Assessment of the Explanation That Immigration and Customs Enforcement Provided for Its Subsequent Transfer from the Spectrum Relocation Fund. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hsu YC. A Cultural Psychosocial Model for Depression in Elder Care Institutions: The Roles of Socially Supportive Activity and Self-Transcendence. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B. 21 Killed in Series of Car Bomb Blasts in Syria’s Capital. New York Times. July 2, 2017:A5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Perinatology
Abbreviation	Semin. Perinatol.
ISSN (print)	0146-0005
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health