How to format your references using the Seminars in Perinatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Seminars in Perinatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan H. Mergers and acquisitions rock UK chemical industry infrastructure. Nature. 2000;406(6797):812.

A journal article with 2 authors

De Angelis H, Skvarca P. Glacier surge after ice shelf collapse. Science. 2003;299(5612):1560-1562.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hines PJ, Jasny BR, Mervis J. Adding a T to the three R’s. Education & technology. Introduction. Science. 2009;323(5910):53.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Suárez G, Santschi C, Slaveykova VI, Martin OJF. Sensing the dynamics of oxidative stress using enhanced absorption in protein-loaded random media. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3447.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Geman H. Agricultural Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Bilheux HZ, McGreevy R, Anderson IS, eds. Neutron Imaging and Applications: A Reference for the Imaging Community. Springer US; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Xu F, Lu T. Skin Mechanical Behaviour. In: Lu T, ed. Introduction to Skin Biothermomechanics and Thermal Pain. Springer; 2011:87-104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Seminars in Perinatology.

Blog post

Taub B. Deep Sea Squid Uses Optical Fibers To Create An Invisibility Cloak. IFLScience. June 9, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/deep-sea-squid-uses-optical-fibers-to-create-an-invisibility-cloak/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Telephone Slamming and Its Harmful Effects. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perlstein JA. Support for Families Affected by Incarceration: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Giordano MA. New Frontier for Topics In Science: Social Media. New York Times. January 1, 2013:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Seminars in Perinatology
Abbreviation	Semin. Perinatol.
ISSN (print)	0146-0005
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health