How to format your references using the Primates citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Primates. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carlson D (2011) A lesson in sharing. Nature 469:293

A journal article with 2 authors

Torquato S, Jiao Y (2009) Dense packings of the Platonic and Archimedean solids. Nature 460:876–879

A journal article with 3 authors

Wagemaker M, Kentgens APM, Mulder FM (2002) Equilibrium lithium transport between nanocrystalline phases in intercalated TiO(2) anatase. Nature 418:397–399

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang Q, Zhao J, Brady AE, et al (2004) Spinophilin blocks arrestin actions in vitro and in vivo at G protein-coupled receptors. Science 304:1940–1944

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cooper N, Forrest K, Cramp P (2008) Essential Guide to Generic Skills. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

das Neves J, Sarmento B (eds) (2014) Mucosal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Biology, Challenges and Strategies. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Luu GT, Duy TT (2016) Comparison Between Parametric and Non-Parametric Approaches for Time-Varying Delay Estimation with Application to Electromyography Signals. In: Vinh PC, Barolli L (eds) Nature of Computation and Communication: Second International Conference, ICTCC 2016, Rach Gia, Vietnam, March 17-18, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 43–51

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Primates.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) Catching A Real Ball In Virtual Reality Is Surprisingly Cool. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Construction of a Computer Facilities Building by the Social Security Administration: Justification and Alternatives. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hoefer PD (2010) A David against Goliath: The American veterans committee’s challenge to the American legion in the 1950s. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2013) A Personal Quest For a White Shirt. New York Times E7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Carlson 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Torquato and Jiao 2009; Carlson 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Torquato and Jiao 2009)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Primates
Abbreviation	Primates
ISSN (print)	0032-8332
ISSN (online)	1610-7365
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology