How to format your references using the Preventive Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Preventive Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schilling, G., 2009. Spain unveils its eye on the sky. Nature 460, 674.

A journal article with 2 authors

Person, A.L., Raman, I.M., 2011. Purkinje neuron synchrony elicits time-locked spiking in the cerebellar nuclei. Nature 481, 502–505.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mongillo, G., Barak, O., Tsodyks, M., 2008. Synaptic theory of working memory. Science 319, 1543–1546.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cui, L., Wang, P., Chen, X., Fang, Y., Zhang, Z., Sun, M., 2014. Plasmon-driven dimerization via S-S chemical bond in an aqueous environment. Sci. Rep. 4, 7221.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Golding, P., 2005. Next Generation Wireless Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Louis, E.J., Becker, M.M. (Eds.), 2014. Subtelomeres. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Galli, C., Perota, A., Lazzari, G., Lucchini, F., 2012. Transgenic Livestock transgenic crop livestock Technologies transgenic crop livestock technologies, in: Meyers, R.A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 10814–10839.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Preventive Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Spectacular Solar Eruption Caught On Camera [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/spectacular-solar-eruption-caught-camera/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. Financial Markets: Preliminary Observations on the October 1987 Crash (No. GGD-88-38). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez, J.M., 2011. A recruitment campaign for Latino non-kin foster parents: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J., 2016. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times MM30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schilling, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Person and Raman, 2011; Schilling, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Person and Raman, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Cui et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Preventive Medicine
Abbreviation	Prev. Med.
ISSN (print)	0091-7435
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health