How to format your references using the Preventive Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Preventive Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
Thompson, J.N., 2006. Ecology. Mutualistic webs of species. Science 312, 372–373.
A journal article with 2 authors
Pullum, G.K., Scholz, B.C., 2001. More than words. Nature 413, 367.
A journal article with 3 authors
Pfeffer, W.T., Harper, J.T., O’Neel, S., 2008. Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st-century sea-level rise. Science 321, 1340–1343.
A journal article with 4 or more authors
Kemp, A.I.S., Hawkesworth, C.J., Foster, G.L., Paterson, B.A., Woodhead, J.D., Hergt, J.M., Gray, C.M., Whitehouse, M.J., 2007. Magmatic and crustal differentiation history of granitic rocks from Hf-O isotopes in zircon. Science 315, 980–983.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
Andersson, C., Freeman, D., James, I., Johnston, A., Ljung, S., 2006. Mobile Media and Applications - From Concept to Cash. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.
An edited book
Gervasi, O., Gavrilova, M.L. (Eds.), 2007. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2007: International Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, August 26-29, 2007. Proceedings. Part III, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
A chapter in an edited book
Emady, H., Hapgood, K., Smith, R., 2016. Granulation and Tabletting, in: Merkus, H.G., Meesters, G.M.H. (Eds.), Production, Handling and Characterization of Particulate Materials, Particle Technology Series. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 107–136.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Preventive Medicine.

Blog post
Evans, K., 2016. Here’s How To Get “Pokémon Go” In The UK On IPhone And Android — Even Though It’s Not Out Here Yet [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/heres-how-to-get-pokemon-go-in-the-uk-on-iphone-and-android-even-though-its-not-out-here-yet/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
Government Accountability Office, 1981. NASA’s Standard Parts Program--Are the Objectives Being Accomplished? (No. PSAD-81-18). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
Shroff, N., 2012. Efficient sensing, summarization and classification of videos (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
Kramer, A.E., 2008. In Georgia, a Claim Russia Is Making More Advances. New York Times A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thompson, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Pullum and Scholz, 2001; Thompson, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

  • Two authors: (Pullum and Scholz, 2001)
  • Three or more authors: (Kemp et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal titlePreventive Medicine
AbbreviationPrev. Med.
ISSN (print)0091-7435
ScopeEpidemiology
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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