How to format your references using the Preventive Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Preventive Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nielsen, J., 2015. BIOENGINEERING. Yeast cell factories on the horizon. Science 349, 1050–1051.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clausen, S., Smith, A.B., 2005. Palaeoanatomy and biological affinities of a Cambrian deuterostome (Stylophora). Nature 438, 351–354.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hunt, N., McGrath, D., Stergiou, N., 2014. The influence of auditory-motor coupling on fractal dynamics in human gait. Sci. Rep. 4, 5879.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Swain, M.R., Deroo, P., Griffith, C.A., Tinetti, G., Thatte, A., Vasisht, G., Chen, P., Bouwman, J., Crossfield, I.J., Angerhausen, D., Afonso, C., Henning, T., 2010. A ground-based near-infrared emission spectrum of the exoplanet HD 189733b. Nature 463, 637–639.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levy, G., Levin, B., 2014. The Biostatistics of Aging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Tannier, E. (Ed.), 2010. Comparative Genomics: International Workshop, RECOMB-CG 2010, Ottawa, Canada, October 9-11, 2010. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Bein, D., Datta, A.K., Sathyanarayanan, B.A., 2009. Efficient Broadcasting by Selective Forwarding, in: Papadopoulos, G.A., Badica, C. (Eds.), Intelligent Distributed Computing III: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Intelligent Distributed Computing – IDC 2009, Ayia Napa, Cyprus,October 2009, Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 43–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Preventive Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. New Battery Biodegrades Inside The Human Body [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/new-battery-biodegrades-inside-human-body/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Export Controls: International Space Station Technology Transfers (No. NSIAD-00-14). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Magner, K.A., 2010. Evaluation of admissions criteria and practices with regards to successful online learning styles and characteristics (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2001. Uncle Junior, a k a Dominic Chianese, Sings His Album, “Hits” (of Course). New York Times 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nielsen, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Clausen and Smith, 2005; Nielsen, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Clausen and Smith, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Swain et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Preventive Medicine
Abbreviation	Prev. Med.
ISSN (print)	0091-7435
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health