How to format your references using the Preventive Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Preventive Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2002. Science and technology networks in Scandinavia. Nature 420, A1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Goswami, P., Baruah, J., 2014. Quantitative assessment of relative roles of drivers of acute respiratory diseases. Sci. Rep. 4, 6532.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dillon, M.E., Wang, G., Huey, R.B., 2010. Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming. Nature 467, 704–706.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lama, D., Quah, S.T., Verma, C.S., Lakshminarayanan, R., Beuerman, R.W., Lane, D.P., Brown, C.J., 2013. Rational optimization of conformational effects induced by hydrocarbon staples in peptides and their binding interfaces. Sci. Rep. 3, 3451.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carter, M., Bentley, S.P., 2016. Soil Properties and their Correlations. John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Boronenkov, V., 2016. Fundamentals of Arc Spraying: Physical and Chemical Regularities, 1st ed. 2016. ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Knauth, S., Kaufmann, L., Jost, C., Kistler, R., Klapproth, A., 2012. The iLoc Ultrasound Indoor Localization System at the EvAAL 2011 Competition, in: Chessa, S., Knauth, S. (Eds.), Evaluating AAL Systems Through Competitive Benchmarking. Indoor Localization and Tracking: International Competition, EvAAL 2011, Competition in Valencia, Spain, July 25-29, 2011, and Final Workshop in Lecce, Italy, September 26, 2011. Revised Selected Papers, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 52–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Preventive Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Hummingbirds, From Eggs To Nestlings [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hummingbirds-eggs-nestlings/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. Aviation Safety and Security: Challenges to Implementing the Recommendations of the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security (No. T-RCED-97-90). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nye, K.M., 2010. Crème de Pêche (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J., 2017. Victory for Morale Precedes an Actual Loss. New York Times SP8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Goswami and Baruah, 2014; Smaglik, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Goswami and Baruah, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lama et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Preventive Medicine
Abbreviation	Prev. Med.
ISSN (print)	0091-7435
Scope	Epidemiology Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health