How to format your references using the Physics in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.-M. Lehn, Toward self-organization and complex matter, Science 295 (2002) 2400–2403.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Alkhatib, A. Nayfeh, A complete physical germanium-on-silicon quantum dot self-assembly process, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2099.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.F. Sterzik, S. Bagnulo, E. Palle, Biosignatures as revealed by spectropolarimetry of Earthshine, Nature 483 (2012) 64–66.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

U. Wagner, S. Gais, H. Haider, R. Verleger, J. Born, Sleep inspires insight, Nature 427 (2004) 352–355.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S.N. Koch, S.M.F. Torres, D.C. Plumb, Canine and Feline Dermatology Drug Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., West Sussex, UK, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

G.A. Stillman, G. Kaiser, W. Blum, J.P. Brown, eds., Teaching Mathematical Modelling: Connecting to Research and Practice, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E.M. Bayan, T.G. Lupeiko, L.E. Pustovaya, A.G. Fedorenko, Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide: The Influence of Process Parameters on the Structural, Size and Photocatalytic Properties, in: I.A. Parinov, S.-H. Chang, V.Y. Topolov (Eds.), Advanced Materials: Manufacturing, Physics, Mechanics and Applications, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 51–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics in Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, September Brought The World’s Record-Breaking Hot Streak To An End – But Don’t Chill Out, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/september-brought-the-worlds-recordbreaking-hot-streak-to-an-end-but-dont-chill-out/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Strategic Bombers: Logistics Decisions Impede B-1B Readiness and Supportability, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.T. Parsons, Metal-catalyzed annulations of strained cycloalkanes, Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.J. de la MERCED, O. Strand, Nestlé Goes High End, Buying Blue Bottle Coffee, New York Times (2017) B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics in Medicine
Abbreviation	Phys. Med.
ISSN (print)	2352-4510
Scope	Biophysics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Instrumentation