How to format your references using the Physics in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Garwood, Uprooting researchers can drive them out of science, Nature. 510 (2014) 313.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.H. Sieweke, J.E. Allen, Beyond stem cells: self-renewal of differentiated macrophages, Science. 342 (2013) 1242974.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

F. Haerizadeh, M.B. Singh, P.L. Bhalla, Transcriptional repression distinguishes somatic from germ cell lineages in a plant, Science. 313 (2006) 496–499.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

E. Falconer, E.A. Chavez, A. Henderson, S.S.S. Poon, S. McKinney, L. Brown, D.G. Huntsman, P.M. Lansdorp, Identification of sister chromatids by DNA template strand sequences, Nature. 463 (2010) 93–97.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Shelton, Business Models for the Social Mobile Cloud, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

D.-S. Huang, K. Han, A. Hussain, eds., Intelligent Computing Methodologies: 12th International Conference, ICIC 2016, Lanzhou, China, August 2-5, 2016, Proceedings, Part III, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Carlberg, F. Molnár, Linking Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation, in: F. Molnár (Ed.), Mechanisms of Gene Regulation, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2014: pp. 71–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics in Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Origins Of Mysterious World Trade Center Ship Determined, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/origins-mysterious-world-trade-center-ship-determined/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, No Child Left Behind Act: Education Actions Could Improve the Targeting of School Improvement Funds to Schools Most in Need of Assistance, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Mills, Catherine of Siena: No Saint Is an Island, Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.D. Shear, President Issues Terms of a Deal Over ‘Dreamers,’ New York Times. (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics in Medicine
Abbreviation	Phys. Med.
ISSN (print)	2352-4510
Scope	Biophysics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Instrumentation