How to format your references using the Physics in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

K. Staley, Neuroscience. Epileptic neurons go wireless, Science 305 (2004) 482–483.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A.S. Manne, R.G. Richels, An alternative approach to establishing trade-offs among greenhouse gases, Nature 410 (2001) 675–677.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Moldoveanu, K. Gehring, D.R. Green, Concerted multi-pronged attack by calpastatin to occlude the catalytic cleft of heterodimeric calpains, Nature 456 (2008) 404–408.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

W.-Q. Wu, H.-S. Rao, Y.-F. Xu, Y.-F. Wang, C.-Y. Su, D.-B. Kuang, Hierarchical oriented anatase TiO2 nanostructure arrays on flexible substrate for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1892.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P.R. Thie, G.E. Keough, An Introduction to Linear Programming and Game Theory, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2008.

An edited book

[1]

A. Dickenstein, F.-O. Schreyer, A.J. Sommese, eds., Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry, Springer, New York, NY, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A.R. Jiménez, F. Seco, F. Zampella, J.C. Prieto, J. Guevara, Indoor Localization of Persons in AAL Scenarios Using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the Signal Strength (SS) from RFID Tags, in: S. Chessa, S. Knauth (Eds.), Evaluating AAL Systems Through Competitive Benchmarking: International Competitions and Final Workshop, EvAAL 2012, July and September 2012. Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013: pp. 32–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics in Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, The iPhone 7’s Tagline Means Something Slightly Naughty In Hong Kong, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Audit by the District of Columbia’s Office of Municipal Audit and Inspection of the Expenditure of Funds by the District of Columbia Public Schools During Fiscal Years 1970 and 1971, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

G. Reser, Assessing the Relationship between Adult Attachment and Differentiation of Self to Coparental Divorce Adjustment, Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L.F. Burghardt, Mutiny in the Harbor: One Ship Too Many, New York Times (2006) 14LI9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics in Medicine
Abbreviation	Phys. Med.
ISSN (print)	2352-4510
Scope	Biophysics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Instrumentation