How to format your references using the Physical Review A citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physical Review A. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. S. Collins, Geochemistry. Moonstruck magnetism, Science 335, 1176 (2012).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

B. Fisher and R. Costanza, Environmental policy: regional commitment to reducing emissions, Nature 438, 301 (2005).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. B. McCord, G. B. Hansen, and C. A. Hibbitts, Hydrated salt minerals on Ganymede’s surface: evidence of an ocean below, Science 292, 1523 (2001).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Zhang, F. Fu, T. Wu, G. Xie, and L. Wang, A tale of two contribution mechanisms for nonlinear public goods, Sci. Rep. 3, 2021 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. A. Bruen and M. A. Forcinito, Cryptography, Information Theory, and Error-Correction (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2004).

An edited book

[1]

C. A. Marshall, S. J. Nolan, and D. P. Newton, editors , Widening Participation, Higher Education and Non-Traditional Students: Supporting Transitions through Foundation Programmes (Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ö. Ceylan, Monitoring and Measures on Pops in Turkey, in The Role of Ecological Chemistry in Pollution Research and Sustainable Development, edited by A. M. Bahadir and G. Duca (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009), pp. 37–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physical Review A.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Success Against Most Common Form Of Cystic Fibrosis, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/success-against-most-common-form-cystic-fibrosis/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Information Technology: DHS Needs to Fully Define and Implement Policies and Procedures for Effectively Managing Investments, No. GAO-07-424, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. Aramphongphun, In-Mold Coating of Thermoplastic and Composite Parts: Microfluidics and Rheology, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Wagner, DeGrom Bounces Back in Style, but Cespedes Exits With Soreness, New York Times B10 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physical Review A
Abbreviation	Phys. Rev. A
ISSN (print)	1050-2947
ISSN (online)	1094-1622
Scope	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics