How to format your references using the Pharmacotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmacotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Huybers P. Early Pleistocene glacial cycles and the integrated summer insolation forcing. Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):508–11.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rauschecker JP, Shannon RV. Sending sound to the brain. Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1025–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

González E, Arbiol J, Puntes VF. Carving at the nanoscale: sequential galvanic exchange and Kirkendall growth at room temperature. Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1377–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kim YJ, Lee HS, Kim ES, Bae SS, Lim JK, Matsumi R, et al. Formate-driven growth coupled with H(2) production. Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):352–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rigo M. Formal Languages, Automata and Numeration Systems 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Zhang W. Continuum Damage Mechanics and Numerical Applications. Cai Y, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. 1000 p. 115 illus., 15 illus. in color. (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China).

A chapter in an edited book

Asatiani R. The Information Structure and Typological Peculiarities of the Georgian Passive Constructions. In: Bezhanishvili G, Löbner S, Marra V, Richter F, editors. Logic, Language, and Computation: 9th International Tbilisi Symposium on Logic, Language, and Computation, TbiLLC 2011, Kutaisi, Georgia, September 26-30, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 17–34. (Hutchison D, Kanade T, Kittler J, Kleinberg JM, Mattern F, Mitchell JC, et al., editors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmacotherapy.

Blog post

Carpineti A. US Approves World’s Most Sensitive Dark Matter Detector To Begin Hunt In 2020 [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/us-approves-worlds-most-sensitive-dark-matter-detector-to-begin-hunt-in-2020/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intermodal Freight Transportation: Combined Rail-Truck Service Offers Public Benefits, but Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Dec. Report No.: RCED-93-16.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McGrew C. Living with Diabetes: The Value of Everyday Communication [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M. ‘Amélie’ Musical to End Its Run on Broadway. New York Times. 2017 May 4;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmacotherapy
Abbreviation	Pharmacotherapy
ISSN (print)	0277-0008
ISSN (online)	1875-9114
Scope	Pharmacology (medical)