How to format your references using the Pharmacotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmacotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haddad NM. ECOLOGY. Corridors for people, corridors for nature. Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1166–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Scher HD, Martin EE. Timing and climatic consequences of the opening of Drake Passage. Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):428–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaganovich D, Kopito R, Frydman J. Misfolded proteins partition between two distinct quality control compartments. Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1088–95.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Estes JA, Terborgh J, Brashares JS, Power ME, Berger J, Bond WJ, et al. Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):301–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lewis RJ Sr. Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, Sixth Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Qin L, Genant HK, Griffith JF, Leung KS, editors. Advanced Bioimaging Technologies in Assessment of the Quality of Bone and Scaffold Materials: Techniques and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. XVI, 700 p. 333 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Driscoll P. Computational Methods for Name Normalization Using Hypocoristic Personal Name Variants. In: Poibeau T, Saggion H, Piskorski J, Yangarber R, editors. Multi-source, Multilingual Information Extraction and Summarization. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 73–91. (Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmacotherapy.

Blog post

Fang J. Enzyme Modification Means Roundworms Live Twice As Long. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information on the Funded Legal Education Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 Sep. Report No.: FPCD-82-76.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chanderbhan-Forde S. Asian Indian mothers’ involvement in their children’s schooling: An analysis of social and cultural capital [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Uncertainty in Courthouse Fogs the View at the Stadium. New York Times. 2011 Aug 20;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmacotherapy
Abbreviation	Pharmacotherapy
ISSN (print)	0277-0008
ISSN (online)	1875-9114
Scope	Pharmacology (medical)