How to format your references using the Pediatric Physical Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Physical Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Russell TP. Polymer dynamics. Chance encounters. Science. 2001;293:446-447.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frisch RL, Rosenberg SM. Microbiology. Antibiotic resistance, not shaken or stirred. Science. 2011;333:1713-1714.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cello J, Paul AV, Wimmer E. Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template. Science. 2002;297:1016-1018.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tesar PJ, Chenoweth JG, Brook FA, et al. New cell lines from mouse epiblast share defining features with human embryonic stem cells. Nature. 2007;448:196-199.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nasr VG, DiNardo JA. The Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Handbook. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Elgie R, Moestrup S, eds. Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Gieskes WWC, Leterme SC, Peletier H, Edwards M, Reid PC. Phaeocystis colony distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean since 1948, and interpretation of long-term changes in the Phaeocystis hotspot in the North Sea. In: Leeuwe MA van, Stefels J, Belviso S, Lancelot C, Verity PG, Gieskes WWC, eds. Phaeocystis, Major Link in the Biogeochemical Cycling of Climate-Relevant Elements. Vol Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007:49-60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Physical Therapy.

Blog post

Andrews R. These Four Things Could Cut U.S. Cancer Deaths In Half. IFLScience. May 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/these-four-things-could-reduce-your-risk-getting-cancer-70-percent/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: NASA Should Better Inform Researchers about How to Appeal Dissemination Decisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Steinberg J. The Social Construction of Beauty: Body Modification Examined Through the Lens of Social Learning Theory. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cumming-Bruce N, Sengupta S. In Greece, China Finds a New Ally Against Criticism of Its Human Rights Record. New York Times. June 19, 2017:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Physical Therapy
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Phys. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0898-5669
ISSN (online)	1538-005X
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation