How to format your references using the Pediatric Physical Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Physical Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tosatti E. Physics. Fullerides in a squeeze. Science. 2009;323:1570-1571.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bellwood P, White P. Domesticated pigs in eastern Indonesia. Science. 2005;309:381; author reply 381.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hare TA, Camerer CF, Rangel A. Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system. Science. 2009;324:646-648.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Erwin GS, Grieshop MP, Ali A, et al. Synthetic transcription elongation factors license transcription across repressive chromatin. Science. 2017;358:1617-1622.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Johnson DW, Woodward JL. Release. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Hazzan O. Agile Anywhere: Essays on Agile Projects and Beyond. Vol (Dubinsky Y, ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Jyoti A, Tomar RS, Shanker R. Nanosensors for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria. In: Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Lichtfouse E, eds. Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 1. Vol Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016:129-150.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Physical Therapy.

Blog post

Andrew E. Meet The Wild Animals Who Put Their Partners First (Just Don’t Call It Love). IFLScience. November 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/meet-wild-animals-who-put-their-partners-first-just-don-t-call-it-love/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Management Improvements Needed on the Department of Homeland Security’s Next Generation Information Sharing System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Becknell JM. Listening to narratives of war. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. Reporter’s Notebook; Clinton’s 4-Day Holiday: Exhaustive Relaxation. New York Times. December 1, 1992:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Physical Therapy
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Phys. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0898-5669
ISSN (online)	1538-005X
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation