How to format your references using the ORL citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ORL. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

VanNimwegen R. Award-winning commitment. Nature. 2007 May;447(7144):610.

A journal article with 2 authors

Conley ME, Fruman DA. Genetics. Can cancer drugs treat immunodeficiency? Science. 2013 Nov;342(6160):814–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoener TW, Spiller DA, Losos JB. Predators increase the risk of catastrophic extinction of prey populations. Nature. 2001 Jul;412(6843):183–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yun H, Shi R, Yang Q, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhou X, et al. Over expression of hRad9 protein correlates with reduced chemosensitivity in breast cancer with administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec;4:7548.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Speight JG, Singh K. Environmental Management of Energy from Biofuels and Biofeedstocks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Nowrousian MR, editor. Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rhEPO) in Clinical Oncology: Scientific and Clinical Aspects of Anemia in Cancer. Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition. Vienna: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee RS, Diamond DA. Perinatal Urology. In: Avner E, Harmon W, Niaudet P, Yoshikawa N, editors. Pediatric Nephrology: Sixth Completely Revised, Updated and Enlarged Edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009; pp 95–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ORL.

Blog post

Andrew E. From Rockets To Space Toilets: Unique Exhibition Celebrates Soviet Cosmonauts [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Sep [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rockets-space-toilets-unique-exhibition-celebrates-soviet-cosmonauts/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Survey of Metropolitan Planning Organizations (GAO-09-867SP, September 2009), an E-supplement to GAO-09-868. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rosenberg EL. Learning to live: The clinical importance of first-person accounts of recovery from anorexia nervosa. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly S. CHILDREN’S BOOKS. New York Times. 2003 Mar;724.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	ORL
Abbreviation	ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec.
ISSN (print)	0301-1569
ISSN (online)	1423-0275
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology