How to format your references using the ORL citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ORL. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gulledge J. Debt crisis: Crunch time for US science. Nature. 2011 Sep;477(7363):155–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hunter CA, Mayers PC. Knot tied around an octahedral metal centre. Nature. 2001 Jun;411(6839):763.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brad Adams J, Mann ME, Ammann CM. Proxy evidence for an El Niño-like response to volcanic forcing. Nature. 2003 Nov;426(6964):274–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

García-Inclán C, López-Hernández A, Alonso-Guervós M, Allonca E, Potes S, Melón S, et al. Establishment and genetic characterization of six unique tumor cell lines as preclinical models for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2014 May;4:4925.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chin WC. Resistivity Modeling. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Navarro-Prieto R, Vidal JL, editors. HCI related papers of Interacción 2004. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Meisinger H. Time as “Dance”: Theological-Philosophical Reflections and Meditations. In: Baldwin J, editor. Embracing the Ivory Tower and Stained Glass Windows: A Festschrift in Honor of Archbishop Antje Jackelén. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 45–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ORL.

Blog post

Andrew D. What Causes Cramps? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Aug

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. High Risk Series: Guaranteed Student Loans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kay VL. A single mother and child welfare: A personal narrative. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly K, Appelbaum B. Yellen and Trump Aide Are Said to Be on Shortlist for New Leader of the Fed. New York Times. 2017 Sep;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	ORL
Abbreviation	ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec.
ISSN (print)	0301-1569
ISSN (online)	1423-0275
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology