How to format your references using the ORL citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ORL. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chazelle B. Computer science. Coding and computing join forces. Science. 2007 Sep;317(5845):1691–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Van Roy P, Briggs DEG. A giant Ordovician anomalocaridid. Nature. 2011 May;473(7348):510–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang Y, Kirmizialtin S, Sanchez IC. Dynamic void distribution in myoglobin and five mutants. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb;4:4011.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Angelaki DE, Shaikh AG, Green AM, Dickman JD. Neurons compute internal models of the physical laws of motion. Nature. 2004 Jul;430(6999):560–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alexandrovna MI, Ionin BI, Tebby JC. Alkynes in Cycloadditions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Górski J, editor. Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 25th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2006, Gdansk, Poland, September 27-29, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Jacobs A, Duysburgh P, Bleumers L, Ongenae F, Ackaert A, Verstichel S. The Innovation Binder Approach: A Guide Towards a Social-Technical Balanced Pervasive Health System. In: Holzinger A, Ziefle M, Röcker C, editors. Pervasive Health: State-of-the-art and Beyond. London: Springer; 2014; pp 69–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ORL.

Blog post

Andrews R. Why Are Cats So Insanely Afraid Of Cucumbers? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Nov

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Mission Support Project: User Perceptions on Computer Use and Network Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hawkins JT. A Private Solution to a Public Problem: Managing Hydraulic Fracturing Risks by Enhancing Private Governance through Mandatory Insurance Requirements. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. A Modern Masterpiece Turns 25. New York Times. 2017 Mar;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	ORL
Abbreviation	ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec.
ISSN (print)	0301-1569
ISSN (online)	1423-0275
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology