How to format your references using the ORL citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ORL. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chan MA. PLANETARY SCIENCE. The martian lake chronicles. Science. 2015 Oct;350(6257):167.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cao W, De La Cruz EM. Quantitative full time course analysis of nonlinear enzyme cycling kinetics. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2658.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dubash NK, Fleurbaey M, Kartha S. Climate policy. Political implications of data presentation. Science. 2014 Jul;345(6192):36–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Birmingham CL, Canadien V, Kaniuk NA, Steinberg BE, Higgins DE, Brumell JH. Listeriolysin O allows Listeria monocytogenes replication in macrophage vacuoles. Nature. 2008 Jan;451(7176):350–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Temple LP III. Implosion. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Singh M, editor. Novel Immune Potentiators and Delivery Technologies for Next Generation Vaccines. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Quadros WR, Vyas V, Brewer M, Owen SJ, Shimada K. A Computational Framework for Generating Sizing Function in Assembly Meshing. In: Hanks BW, editor. Proceedings of the 14th International Meshing Roundtable. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005; pp 55–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ORL.

Blog post

Luntz S. Cosmic Radiation Not Driving Global Warming, But Can Influence Annual Temperature [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Mar [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/cosmic-radiation-not-driving-global-warming-can-influence-annual-temperature/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA Procurement: Agencywide Action Needed to Improve Management of Contract Modifications. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tornes IE. Topics in the Physics of Underdamped Josephson Systems. 2006

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Justices Reject Suit on Federal Money for Faith-Based Office. New York Times. 2007 Jun;A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	ORL
Abbreviation	ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec.
ISSN (print)	0301-1569
ISSN (online)	1423-0275
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology