How to format your references using the Machine Vision and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Machine Vision and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Anson, L.: Membrane protein biophysics. Nature. 459, 343 (2009)

A journal article with 2 authors

Jiang, C., Srinivasan, S.G.: Unexpected strain-stiffening in crystalline solids. Nature. 496, 339–342 (2013)

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, C., Zhang, T., Goldman, D.I.: A terradynamics of legged locomotion on granular media. Science. 339, 1408–1412 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Flora, A., Klisch, T.J., Schuster, G., Zoghbi, H.Y.: Deletion of Atoh1 disrupts Sonic Hedgehog signaling in the developing cerebellum and prevents medulloblastoma. Science. 326, 1424–1427 (2009)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Biech, E.: 101 More Ways to Make Training Active. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ (2015)

An edited book

Jensen, K., Aalst, W.M.P. van der, Billington, J. eds: Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008)

A chapter in an edited book

Dechant, P.-P.: A 3D Spinorial View of 4D Exceptional Phenomena. In: Širáň, J. and Jajcay, R. (eds.) Symmetries in Graphs, Maps, and Polytopes: 5th SIGMAP Workshop, West Malvern, UK, July 2014. pp. 81–95. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Machine Vision and Applications.

Blog post

Luntz, S.: Cuckoos Use Mafia Tactics, And They Work

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Alleged Misappropriation of Monies Allocated for the Operation of the Memphis District Office of the EEOC. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1972)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Quashie, Z.: Issues with Care Provided by Direct Care Workers: A Case Study, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowan, A.L.: Family’s Tenacity and Wealth Put Skakel at Cusp of Freedom, (2013)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Machine Vision and Applications
Abbreviation	Mach. Vis. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0932-8092
ISSN (online)	1432-1769
Scope	Computer Science Applications Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Hardware and Architecture Software