How to format your references using the Machine Vision and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Machine Vision and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldberg, A.L.: Protein degradation and protection against misfolded or damaged proteins. Nature. 426, 895–899 (2003)

A journal article with 2 authors

Fyke, J., Eby, M.: Comment on “Climate sensitivity estimated from temperature reconstructions of the Last Glacial Maximum.” Science. 337, 1294; author reply 1294 (2012)

A journal article with 3 authors

Parvanov, E.D., Petkov, P.M., Paigen, K.: Prdm9 controls activation of mammalian recombination hotspots. Science. 327, 835 (2010)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Harries, J.E., Brindley, H.E., Sagoo, P.J., Bantges, R.J.: Increases in greenhouse forcing inferred from the outgoing longwave radiation spectra of the Earth in 1970 and 1997. Nature. 410, 355–357 (2001)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shreves, R.: Joomla!® Bible. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA (2009)

An edited book

Duedahl, P. ed: A History of UNESCO: Global Actions and Impacts. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London (2016)

A chapter in an edited book

Pratt-Hartmann, I.: The Two-Variable Fragment with Counting Revisited. In: Dawar, A. and Queiroz, R. de (eds.) Logic, Language, Information and Computation: 17th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2010, Brasilia, Brazil, July 6-9, 2010. Proceedings. pp. 42–54. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Machine Vision and Applications.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Researchers Find 108 Genetic Links To Schizophrenia, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-find-108-genetic-links-schizophrenia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: [Comments on Charging Cellular Telephone Installation to Senate Contingent Fund]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1987)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Phelps-Hillen, J.L.: Institutional Review Boards and Writing Studies Research: A Justice-Oriented Study, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fernandez, M., Southall, A.: Suspect Dead After Gun and Bomb Attack on Dallas Police, (2015)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Machine Vision and Applications
Abbreviation	Mach. Vis. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0932-8092
ISSN (online)	1432-1769
Scope	Computer Science Applications Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Hardware and Architecture Software