How to format your references using the Lingua Sinica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Lingua Sinica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kreeger, Karen. 2002. Working your way into industry. Nature 419: 5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dunham-Snary, Kimberly J., and Scott W. Ballinger. 2015. GENETICS. Mitochondrial-nuclear DNA mismatch matters. Science (New York, N.Y.) 349: 1449–1450.

A journal article with 3 authors

Morens, David M., Kanta Subbarao, and Jeffery K. Taubenberger. 2012. Engineering H5N1 avian influenza viruses to study human adaptation. Nature 486: 335–340.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Slon, Viviane, Fabrizio Mafessoni, Benjamin Vernot, Cesare de Filippo, Steffi Grote, Bence Viola, Mateja Hajdinjak, et al. 2018. The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father. Nature 561: 113–116.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cannataro, Mario, and Pietro Hiram Guzzi. 2011. Data Management of Protein Interaction Networks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Khine, Myint Swe, ed. 2012. Advances in Nature of Science Research: Concepts and Methodologies. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Fraillon, Julian, John Ainley, Wolfram Schulz, Tim Friedman, and Eveline Gebhardt. 2014. Students’ Computer and Information Literacy. In Preparing for Life in a Digital Age: The IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study International Report, ed. John Ainley, Wolfram Schulz, Tim Friedman, and Eveline Gebhardt, 69–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Lingua Sinica.

Blog post

Felton, James. 2017. Scientists Grow Flatworm With Two Heads Instead Of Tail. IFLScience. IFLScience. May 25.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Pipeline Safety: The Office of Pipeline Safety Is Changing How It Oversees the Pipeline Industry. RCED-00-128. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coleman, Eric D. 2014. The Nature of Leadership: A Case Study of Distributed Leadership Amidst A Participative Change Effort. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Milhollin, Gary, and Kelly Motz. 2002. Why Iraq Will Defeat Arms Inspectors. New York Times, September 16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kreeger 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Kreeger 2002; Dunham-Snary and Ballinger 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dunham-Snary and Ballinger 2015)
Three or more authors: (Slon et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Lingua Sinica
Abbreviation	Lingua Sin.
ISSN (online)	2197-6678
Scope