How to format your references using the Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Murray TH. Genetics. Stirring the simmering “designer baby” pot. Science 2014;343:1208–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Paul SM, Beitel GJ. Developmental biology. Tubulogenesis CLICs into place. Science 2003;302:2077–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ko HW, Jiang J, Edery I. Role for Slimb in the degradation of Drosophila Period protein phosphorylated by Doubletime. Nature 2002;420:673–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yong S-M, Lim M-L, Low C-M, Wong B-S. Reduced neuronal signaling in the ageing apolipoprotein-E4 targeted replacement female mice. Sci Rep 2014;4:6580.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Zhang W, Shmulevich I, Astola J. Microarray Quality Control. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Gritzalis D, Lopez J, editors. Emerging Challenges for Security, Privacy and Trust: 24th IFIP TC 11 International Information Security Conference, SEC 2009, Pafos, Cyprus, May 18–20, 2009. Proceedings. vol. 297. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ivanecký J, Mehlhase S, Mieskes M. An Intelligent House Control Using Speech Recognition with Integrated Localization. In: Wichert R, Eberhardt B, editors. Ambient Assisted Living: 4. AAL-Kongress 2011, Berlin, Germany, January 25–26, 2011, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 51–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Breakthrough Computer Could Survive Extreme Conditions On Venus. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/breakthrough-computer-could-survive-extreme-conditions-on-venus/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Security: Systematic Planning Needed to Optimize Resources. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Quiros PQ. SNR estimation and jamming detection techniques using wavelets. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

de la MERCED MJ. Huntsman Is Said to Be Close to Merger With Clariant. New York Times 2017:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
ISSN (print)	1110-578X
Scope