How to format your references using the Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cess RD. Atmospheric science. Water vapor feedback in climate models. Science 2005;310:795–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gardner KH, Correa F. Plant science. How plants see the invisible. Science 2012;335:1451–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Xiao Y, Wang Y, Felleman DJ. A spatially organized representation of colour in macaque cortical area V2. Nature 2003;421:535–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zhang Q, Fujino M, Iwasaki S, Hirano H, Cai S, Kitajima Y, et al. Generation and characterization of regulatory dendritic cells derived from murine induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2014;4:3979.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Summers N. Managing Social Service Staff for Excellence. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Liwo A, editor. Computational Methods to Study the Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecules and Biomolecular Processes: From Bioinformatics to Molecular Quantum Mechanics. vol. 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Girish S, Gupta M. Clinical Pharmacology Strategies in the Development of Antibody–Drug Conjugates. In: Phillips GL, editor. Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Immunotoxins: From Pre-Clinical Development to Therapeutic Applications, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 57–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Vaporized Comets Or Asteroids Detected Around A Young Star. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/vaporized-comets-or-asteroids-detected-around-a-young-star/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Computer Systems: Actions on OMB Recommendations for a Joint Lookout System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bratton KJ. Modeling and Control of Heterogeneous Tumors Under Chemotherapy. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Down the Memory Hole. New York Times 2009:A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
ISSN (print)	1110-578X
Scope