How to format your references using the Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Dalcanton JJ. 18 years of science with the Hubble Space Telescope. Nature 2009;457:41–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Voesenek LACJ, Pierik R. Plant science. Plant stress profiles. Science 2008;320:880–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Béarez P, DeVries TJ, Ortlieb L. Comment on “Otolith delta18O record of mid-Holocene sea surface temperatures in Peru.” Science 2003;299:203; author reply 203.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Imaizumi T, Schultz TF, Harmon FG, Ho LA, Kay SA. FKF1 F-box protein mediates cyclic degradation of a repressor of CONSTANS in Arabidopsis. Science 2005;309:293–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bonneau D, Fatu A, Souchet D. Hydrodynamic Bearings. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Das VV, Chaba Y, editors. Mobile Communication and Power Engineering: Second International Joint Conference, AIM/CCPE 2012, Bangalore, India, April 27-28, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 296. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Buttazzo G, Solimini S, Pratelli A, Stepanov E. Relaxed problem and existence of solutions. In: Pratelli A, Stepanov E, Solimini S, editors. Optimal Urban Networks via Mass Transportation, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 1–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Meet Lidar: The Amazing Laser Technology That’s Helping Archaeologists Discover Lost Cities. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. How Funds Granted to the Eisenhower College and the Rayburn Library Were Spent. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Herrera EC. Emancipating youth from foster care: A content analysis of existing literature. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Zimmerman E. 99 Ways to be Naughty in Kazakhstan. New York Times 2012:MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
ISSN (print)	1110-578X
Scope