How to format your references using the Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik P. Georgia on the mind. Nature 2007;445:790–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Giardina CP, Ryan MG. Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature. Nature 2000;404:858–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

den Boer SPA, Baer B, Boomsma JJ. Seminal fluid mediates ejaculate competition in social insects. Science 2010;327:1506–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Wang J, Gudiksen MS, Duan X, Cui Y, Lieber CM. Highly polarized photoluminescence and photodetection from single indium phosphide nanowires. Science 2001;293:1455–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Jarry P, Beneat J. Advanced Design Techniques and Realizations of Microwave and RF Filters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Saeed K, Homenda W, editors. Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management: 14th IFIP TC 8 International Conference, CISIM 2015, Warsaw, Poland, September 24-26, 2015, Proceedings. vol. 9339. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Marshall J-C, Bakalian S, Maria de Oliveira Martins C. Metastatic Dormancy and Metastasis Suppressor Genes. In: Burnier JV, Burnier MN Jr, editors. Experimental and Clinical Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 49–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Distant Exoplanets Around Other Stars More Likely To Be Ice Giants Like Neptune. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/distant-exoplanets-around-other-stars-more-likely-to-be-ice-giants-like-neptune/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety Hazards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Cusick JA. Does size really matter? How synchrony and size affect the dynamic of aggression between two sympatric species of dolphin in the Bahamas. Doctoral dissertation. Florida Atlantic University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Putting the Pan in Pan-American. New York Times 2006:14LI8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
ISSN (print)	1110-578X
Scope