How to format your references using the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

King MC. “The race” to clone BRCA1. Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1462–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hartonen T, Alava MJ. How important tasks are performed: peer review. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1679.

A journal article with 3 authors

Theise ND, Krause DS, Sharkis S. Comment on “Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells.” Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1317; author reply 1317.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Güdde J, Rohleder M, Meier T, Koch SW, Höfer U. Time-resolved investigation of coherently controlled electric currents at a metal surface. Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1287–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boddy R, Smith G. Effective Experimentation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Peters JF, Skowron A, Dubois D, Grzymała-Busse JW, Inuiguchi M, Polkowski L, editors. Transactions on Rough Sets II: Rough Sets and Fuzzy Sets. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. X, 363 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 3135).

A chapter in an edited book

Bain J. Relativity and Quantum Field Theory. In: Petkov V, editor. Space, Time, and Spacetime: Physical and Philosophical Implications of Minkowski’s Unification of Space and Time. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 129–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography.

Blog post

Andrews R. Zika Infections During Rio 2016 Olympic Games Could Create A “Full-Blown Global Health Disaster” [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/zika-infections-during-rio-2016-olympic-games-could-create-full-blown-global/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Force C-17 Embedded Computers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Oct. Report No.: AIMD-95-12R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vaughan L. Executive function in daily life: Age-related influences of executive processes on instrumental activities of daily living [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Few Voters Show Up to Elect Two Democrats. New York Times. 2007 Apr 1;LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Abbreviation	J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.
ISSN (print)	0894-7317
ISSN (online)	1097-6795
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging