How to format your references using the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van der Hart HW. Physics. When does photoemission begin? Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1645–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Halloran ME, Longini IM Jr. Emerging, evolving, and established infectious diseases and interventions. Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1292–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Depège N, Bellafiore S, Rochaix JD. Role of chloroplast protein kinase Stt7 in LHCII phosphorylation and state transition in Chlamydomonas. Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1572–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kapanidis AN, Margeat E, Ho SO, Kortkhonjia E, Weiss S, Ebright RH. Initial transcription by RNA polymerase proceeds through a DNA-scrunching mechanism. Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1144–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ji ZG. Hydrodynamics and Water Quality. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Tarté R, editor. Ingredients in Meat Products: Properties, Functionality and Applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2009. X, 419 p. 32 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Danylenko A. Iazychie and Surzhyk: Mixing Languages and Identities in the Ukrainian Borderlands. In: Kamusella T, Nomachi M, Gibson C, editors. The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 81–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography.

Blog post

Andrews R. DNA Study Confirms That This Bizarre Venomous Mammal Diverged From Other Mammals Long Before The Extinction Of The Dinosaurs [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/incredibly-weird-venomous-mammal-survived-extinction-killed-dinosaurs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation: Collaborative Efforts with European Union Generally Mirror Effective Practices, but Near-Term Challenges Could Delay Implementation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Nov. Report No.: GAO-12-48.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Navarro C. Advocacy services for high-risk Latino families caring for children with autism: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S, Alcindor Y. Defiant Yet Jubilant Voices Flood U.S. Cities. New York Times. 2017 Jan 22;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Abbreviation	J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.
ISSN (print)	0894-7317
ISSN (online)	1097-6795
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging