How to format your references using the Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Surgical Oncology (JSO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Held I. Climate change. Simplicity amid complexity. Science. 2014;343:1206-1207.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rudolph ML, Zhong S. Does quadrupole stability imply LLSVP fixity? Nature. 2013;503:E3-4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang Z, Shibahara K, Stillman B. PCNA connects DNA replication to epigenetic inheritance in yeast. Nature. 2000;408:221-225.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Amaral PP, Dinger ME, Mercer TR, et al. The eukaryotic genome as an RNA machine. Science. 2008;319:1787-1789.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chandru V, Hooker J. Optimization Methods for Logical Inference. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1999.

An edited book

De Silva AM. Grammar-Based Feature Generation for Time-Series Prediction. (Leong PHW, ed.). Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Frà C, Valla M, Agneessens A, et al. Mobile Sensing of User’s Motion and Position Context for Automatic Check-in Suggestion and Validation. In: Lovett T, O’Neill E, eds. Mobile Context Awareness. Springer; 2012:87-96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Clean Energy Sources Provided Up To 50% Of The UK’s Electricity This Summer. IFLScience. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/clean-energy-sources-provided-up-to-50-of-the-uks-electricity-this-summer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Planning Procedures for Computer Resources in the Department of the Interior. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Griffin JC. Animal and soul: Animals in Native American mythologies and the individuation process. Published online 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. New Libraries That Don’t Just Go by the Book. New York Times. February 11, 2007:WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Surgical Oncology
ISSN (print)	0022-4790
ISSN (online)	1096-9098
Scope