How to format your references using the Journal of Social and Economic Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Social and Economic Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Butterworth A (2014) The moral problem with commercial seal hunting. Nature 509:9

A journal article with 2 authors

Mastrandrea MD, Schneider SH (2004) Probabilistic integrated assessment of “dangerous” climate change. Science 304:571–575

A journal article with 3 authors

Gardner TJ, Naef F, Nottebohm F (2005) Freedom and rules: the acquisition and reprogramming of a bird’s learned song. Science 308:1046–1049

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yang Z-H, Zhuo Y, Chai Y-Q, Yuan R (2014) High throughput immunosenor based on multi-label strategy and a novel array electrode. Sci Rep 4:4747

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Angueira P, Romo JA (2012) Microwave Line of Sight Link Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Al-Rubeai M, Fussenegger M (eds) (2005) Cell Engineering: Apoptosis. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Yuan L-P, Ma G-F, Sun R-S (2016) An Analysis of Fatigue and Its Characteristics: A Survey on Chinese Air Traffic Controller. In: Harris D (ed) Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: 13th International Conference, EPCE 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17-22, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 38–47

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Social and Economic Development.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) These New Super-Realistic Moving Dinosaur Models Are Terrifying. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2016) Advanced Technologies: Strengthened Federal Approach Needed to Help Identify and Mitigate Supply Risks for Critical Raw Materials. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Casco D (2014) Consonance: An inter play of music and design to evoke curiosity and awareness of our musical identity. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2015) Puerto Rico Plans to Default on $174 Million in Bond Debt. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Butterworth 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Mastrandrea and Schneider 2004; Butterworth 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mastrandrea and Schneider 2004)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Social and Economic Development
Abbreviation	J. Soc. Econ. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0972-5792
ISSN (online)	2199-6873
Scope