How to format your references using the Journal of Social and Economic Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Social and Economic Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mazzarello P (2001) Lombroso and Tolstoy. Nature 409:983

A journal article with 2 authors

Olsen SR, Wilson RI (2008) Lateral presynaptic inhibition mediates gain control in an olfactory circuit. Nature 452:956–960

A journal article with 3 authors

Biastoch A, Böning CW, Lutjeharms JRE (2008) Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation. Nature 456:489–492

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhang X, Pickin KA, Bose R, et al (2007) Inhibition of the EGF receptor by binding of MIG6 to an activating kinase domain interface. Nature 450:741–744

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Reiss E, Shadomy HJ, Lyon GM III (2011) Fundamental Medical Mycology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Melnikov SP (2015) Lasers with Nuclear Pumping. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Dvorkin EN, Toscano RG (2013) Experimental Validation of the Finite Element Models. Applications: Slotted Pipes and Axial Loads. In: Toscano RG (ed) Finite Element Analysis of the Collapse and Post-Collapse Behavior of Steel Pipes: Applications to the Oil Industry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 43–69

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Social and Economic Development.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) This “Hedgehog” Robot Could Hop And Tumble Over Asteroids And Comets. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/hedgehog-robot-could-hop-and-tumble-over-asteroids-and-comets/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1971) Assessment of the Teacher Corps Program at Northern Arizona University and Participating Schools on the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simonsen AE (2010) Risk and resilience: Girls’ experiences navigating space and relationships in a secure residential facility. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2010) A Footnote Explains a Dispute Over Treasury’s Bailout Figures. New York Times B4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mazzarello 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Mazzarello 2001; Olsen and Wilson 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Olsen and Wilson 2008)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Social and Economic Development
Abbreviation	J. Soc. Econ. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0972-5792
ISSN (online)	2199-6873
Scope