How to format your references using the Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haxton W. Neutrino physics: What makes the Sun shine. Nature. 2014 Aug 28;512(7515):378–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martí MC, Webb AAR. Plant science: leaf veins share the time of day. Nature. 2014 Nov 20;515(7527):352–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gilg O, Hanski I, Sittler B. Cyclic dynamics in a simple vertebrate predator-prey community. Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):866–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Doyle MR, Davis SJ, Bastow RM, McWatters HG, Kozma-Bognár L, Nagy F, et al. The ELF4 gene controls circadian rhythms and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2002 Sep 5;419(6902):74–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stidwill D, Fletcher R. Normal Binocular Vision. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2010.

An edited book

Gorban AN, Kevrekidis IG, Theodoropoulos C, Kazantzis NK, Öttinger HC, editors. Model Reduction and Coarse-Graining Approaches for Multiscale Phenomena. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Choi WG, Swanson SJ, Gilroy S. Calcium, Mechanical Signaling, and Tip Growth. In: Luan S, editor. Coding and Decoding of Calcium Signals in Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 41–61. (Baluška F, Vivanco J, editors. Signaling and Communication in Plants).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E. Newly Discovered Rocky Planet Expands Our Search For Habitable Worlds [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/newly-discovered-rocky-planet-expands-our-search-habitable-worlds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Education Should Provide Additional Guidance to Help States Smoothly Transition Children to Preschool. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Dec. Report No.: GAO-06-26.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ravilla S. Correlation between diabetes and periodontitis [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Transfer Finds Home At Manhattan College. New York Times. 2002 Oct 6;88.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Haxton 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Haxton 2014; Martí and Webb 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Martí and Webb 2014)
Three or more authors: (Doyle et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
ISSN (print)	1674-7755
Scope