How to format your references using the International Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Quadir IZ (2012) Education. Entrepreneurship training for the developing world. Science 335:1445–1446

A journal article with 2 authors

Liang BA, Mackey T (2010) Health care policy. Reforming off-label promotion to enhance orphan disease treatment. Science 327:273–274

A journal article with 3 authors

Engler HS, Spencer KC, Gilbert LE (2000) Preventing cyanide release from leaves. Nature 406:144–145

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Brownell RL Jr, Tillman MF, di Sciara GN, et al (2000) Further scrutiny of scientific whaling. Science 290:1696a

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brauer RL (2005) Safety and Health for Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ziemann O (2008) POF Handbook: Optical Short Range Transmission Systems, Second edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Hashemi SH, Domairry D (2014) Applied Problems in Dynamical Systems. In: Ganji DD (ed) Dynamics and Vibrations: Progress in Nonlinear Analysis. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 249–338

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Red, Yellow, Pink And Green: How The World’s Languages Name The Rainbow. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/red-yellow-pink-and-green-how-the-worlds-languages-name-the-rainbow/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Aviation Competition: International Aviation Alliances and the Influence of Airline Marketing Practices. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cusick JA (2012) Does size really matter? How synchrony and size affect the dynamic of aggression between two sympatric species of dolphin in the Bahamas. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Palmer E, Otis J (2017) Lifting Hope, With Global Reach. New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Int. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	0165-5701
ISSN (online)	1573-2630
Scope	Ophthalmology