How to format your references using the International Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bloodworth A (2014) Resources: Track flows to manage technology-metal supply. Nature 505:19–20

A journal article with 2 authors

Etterson JR, Shaw RG (2001) Constraint to adaptive evolution in response to global warming. Science 294:151–154

A journal article with 3 authors

van Dokkum PG, Kriek M, Franx M (2009) A high stellar velocity dispersion for a compact massive galaxy at redshift z = 2.186. Nature 460:717–719

A journal article with 5 or more authors

McCracken KG, Wilson RE, McCracken PJ, Johnson KP (2001) Sexual selection. Are ducks impressed by drakes’ display? Nature 413:128

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nagashima Y (2013) Elementary Particle Physics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Robila M (2014) Handbook of Family Policies Across the Globe. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Massera E, Miglietta ML, Polichetti T, et al (2011) Poly[3-(4-Alkoxyphenyl)thiophenes] Based Chemical Sensors. In: Neri G, Donato N, d’Amico A, Di Natale C (eds) Sensors and Microsystems: AISEM 2010 Proceedings. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 43–47

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Ancient Spider-Like Predator Resurrected. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-spider-predator-resurrected/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Intercity Passenger Rail: Outlook for Improving Amtrak’s Financial Health. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Filomena TP (2010) Technology portfolio and capacity expansion under uncertainty. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2017) Film Series. New York Times C26

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Int. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	0165-5701
ISSN (online)	1573-2630
Scope	Ophthalmology