How to format your references using the International Journal of Technology and Design Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Technology and Design Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adami, C. (2006). Computer science. What do robots dream of? Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5802), 1093–1094.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang, H.-L., & Lai, T. W. (2014). Optimization of Evans blue quantitation in limited rat tissue samples. Scientific reports, 4, 6588.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jeffrey, J. L., Terrett, J. A., & MacMillan, D. W. C. (2015). O-H hydrogen bonding promotes H-atom transfer from α C-H bonds for C-alkylation of alcohols. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6255), 1532–1536.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Muchnik, L., Pei, S., Parra, L. C., Reis, S. D. S., Andrade, J. S., Jr, Havlin, S., & Makse, H. A. (2013). Origins of power-law degree distribution in the heterogeneity of human activity in social networks. Scientific reports, 3, 1783.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dunne, R. A. (2006). A Statistical Approach to Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Jornitz, M. W. (Ed.). (2006). Sterile Filtration (Vol. 98). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bangerter, E., Camenisch, J., & Lysyanskaya, A. (2006). A Cryptographic Framework for the Controlled Release of Certified Data. In B. Christianson, B. Crispo, J. A. Malcolm, & M. Roe (Eds.), Security Protocols: 12th International Workshop, Cambridge, UK, April 26-28, 2004. Revised Selected Papers (pp. 20–42). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Technology and Design Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013, October 3). Pruny Fingers Are An Evolutionary Advantage. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/pruny-fingers-are-evolutionary-advantage/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1972). Program To Increase Graduates From Health Professions Schools and Improve the Quality of Their Education (No. B-164031(2)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shendge, P. N. (2017). Improvement in Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset in Wireless Networks (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2015, April 5). James Wood, 85; Revived A.&P. Chain. New York Times, p. A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Adami 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Adami 2006; Wang and Lai 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wang and Lai 2014)
Three or more authors: (Muchnik et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Technology and Design Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0957-7572
ISSN (online)	1573-1804
Scope	General Engineering Education