How to format your references using the International Journal of Technology and Design Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Technology and Design Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cressey, D. (2011). Animal research: Battle scars. Nature, 470(7335), 452–453.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wachsman, E. D., & Lee, K. T. (2011). Lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6058), 935–939.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fu, Q., Saltsburg, H., & Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M. (2003). Active nonmetallic Au and Pt species on ceria-based water-gas shift catalysts. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5635), 935–938.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Dekel, A., Stoehr, F., Mamon, G. A., Cox, T. J., Novak, G. S., & Primack, J. R. (2005). Lost and found dark matter in elliptical galaxies. Nature, 437(7059), 707–710.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wystup, U. (2006). FX Options and Structured Products. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Aletti, G., Micheletti, A., Morale, D., & Burger, M. (Eds.). (2007). Math Everywhere: Deterministic and Stochastic Modelling in Biomedicine, Economics and Industry. Dedicated to the 60th Birthday of Vincenzo Capasso. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Deng, J., Chen, Z., Knisely, J., Decker, R., Chiang, V., & Nath, R. (2009). Monte Carlo Investigation of Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Spinal Metastases. In O. Dössel & W. C. Schlegel (Eds.), World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany: Vol. 25/1 Radiation Oncology (pp. 13–16). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Technology and Design Education.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, June 13). Were Dinosaurs Warm Or Cold Blooded? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/were-dinosaurs-warm-or-cold-blooded/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2006). Aviation Security: Progress Made to Set Up Program Using Private-Sector Airport Screeners, but More Work Remains (No. GAO-06-166). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung, T. Y.-Y. (2010). Pulse designs on TR-MAS UWB (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. (2017, October 3). One Side Effect of Viagra: Inspiration to Write. New York Times, p. C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cressey 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Cressey 2011; Wachsman and Lee 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wachsman and Lee 2011)
Three or more authors: (Dekel et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Technology and Design Education
Abbreviation	Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0957-7572
ISSN (online)	1573-1804
Scope	General Engineering Education