How to format your references using the International Journal of Surgery Protocols citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Surgery Protocols. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Q. Schiermeier, Enhanced advisory role urged for former EU nuclear labs, Nature. 406 (2000) 225.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.J. Nicholls, A. Cazenave, Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones, Science. 328 (2010) 1517–1520.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

N. Houstis, E.D. Rosen, E.S. Lander, Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance, Nature. 440 (2006) 944–948.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Q.-S. Wu, M.-Q. Cao, Y.-N. Zou, X.-H. He, Direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae, and roots on aggregate stability in rhizosphere of trifoliate orange, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5823.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Halloran, C. Thies, The Social Media Handbook for Financial Advisors, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

G. Gong, K.C. Gupta, eds., Progress in Cryptology - INDOCRYPT 2010: 11th International Conference on Cryptology in India, Hyderabad, India, December 12-15, 2010. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.J. Li, X. Tong, Genomic Applications of the Neyman–Pearson Classification Paradigm, in: K.-C. Wong (Ed.), Big Data Analytics in Genomics, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 145–167.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Surgery Protocols.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, Earth’s Meteorites Were Very Different 500 Million Years Ago, IFLScience. (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Federal Funding Provided to 10 Police Departments for Intelligence Activities, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.D. Fisher, The impact adult supervision, role models, and civic engagement has on the health status of adolescents, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Otis, A ‘Do It’ Kind of Woman Waits for the Strength to Get Back to Being Herself, New York Times. (2016) A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Surgery Protocols
Abbreviation	Int. J. Surg. Protoc.
ISSN (print)	2468-3574
Scope

Research and Writing Guides