How to format your references using the International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Smaglik, Swatting flies, Nature 429 (2004) 111.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L.C. Sincich, J.C. Horton, Divided by cytochrome oxidase: a map of the projections from V1 to V2 in macaques, Science 295 (2002) 1734–1737.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y.Y. Broza, L. Zuri, H. Haick, Combined volatolomics for monitoring of human body chemistry, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4611.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R.G. Strom, C.R. Chapman, W.J. Merline, S.C. Solomon, J.W. Head 3rd, Mercury cratering record viewed from MESSENGER’s first flyby, Science 321 (2008) 79–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Y. Nagashima, Elementary Particle Physics, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

W. Leal Filho, ed., Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E. Prodan, H. Schulz-Baldes, K-Theory for Topological Solid State Systems, in: H. Schulz-Baldes (Ed.), Bulk and Boundary Invariants for Complex Topological Insulators: From K-Theory to Physics, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 85–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Some Good News About Hiring Women In STEM Doesn’t Erase Sex Bias Issue, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/some-good-news-about-hiring-women-stem-doesn-t-erase-sex-bias-issue/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Highway Fund Audit, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.M. van der Veen, Domestic Politics, International Inaction: The United States and Human Rights Treaties, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S.K. (nyt), World Briefing | Asia: China And Russia Plan First Joint Military Exercise, New York Times (2004) A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.
ISSN (print)	0890-6955
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering