How to format your references using the International Journal of Education and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Education and Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gammon, K. (2014). Gene therapy: editorial control. Nature, 515(7526), S11-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Marler, J. R., & Goldstein, L. B. (2003). Medicine. Stroke--tPA and the clinic. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5640), 1677.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kuhlenkoetter, S., Wintermeyer, W., & Rodnina, M. V. (2011). Different substrate-dependent transition states in the active site of the ribosome. Nature, 476(7360), 351–354.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Essers, M. A. G., de Vries-Smits, L. M. M., Barker, N., Polderman, P. E., Burgering, B. M. T., & Korswagen, H. C. (2005). Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxidative stress signaling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5725), 1181–1184.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lednicer, D. (2015). Antineoplastic Drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Keyhani, A., & Marwali, M. (Eds.). (2012). Smart Power Grids 2011. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Austrin, P., Kaski, P., Koivisto, M., & Määttä, J. (2013). Space–Time Tradeoffs for Subset Sum: An Improved Worst Case Algorithm. In F. V. Fomin, R. Freivalds, M. Kwiatkowska, & D. Peleg (Eds.), Automata, Languages, and Programming: 40th International Colloquium, ICALP 2013, Riga, Latvia, July 8-12, 2013, Proceedings, Part I (pp. 45–56). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Education and Research.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, June 24). British Astronaut Tim Peake’s Space Photography Is Absolutely Awe-Inspiring. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/british-astronaut-tim-peakes-space-photography-is-absolutely-aweinspiring/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). Oversight of DOJ Funds for Recreational Activities (GAO-10-661R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liggins, J. (2012). Self-concept education as a motivator of life effectiveness [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yeginsu, C., & Rao, P. S. (2017, August 17). Malala Yousafzai, Girls’ Advocate Shot by Taliban, Has Been Accepted to Oxford. New York Times, A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gammon, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Gammon, 2014; Marler & Goldstein, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Marler & Goldstein, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Essers et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Education and Research
ISSN (print)	2411-5681
Scope