How to format your references using the Infectious Disease Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Infectious Disease Clinics of North America (IDC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mahaffy PR. Intensive Titan exploration begins. Science 2005;308(5724):969–70.

A journal article with 2 authors

Olson JW., Maier RJ. Molecular hydrogen as an energy source for Helicobacter pylori. Science 2002;298(5599):1788–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Didenko YT., McNamara WB 3rd., Suslick KS. Molecular emission from single-bubble sonoluminescence. Nature 2000;407(6806):877–9.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Escrig S., Capmas F., Dupré B., et al. Osmium isotopic constraints on the nature of the DUPAL anomaly from Indian mid-ocean-ridge basalts. Nature 2004;431(7004):59–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Koch HJ. Practical Guide to International Standardization for Electrical Engineers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Stenström P., Dubois M., Katevenis M., et al. High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers: Third International Conference, HiPEAC 2008, Göteborg, Sweden, January 27-29, 2008. Proceedings. vol. 4917. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Brändas EJ. Some Biochemical Reflections on Information and Communication. In: Hotokka M, Brändas EJ, Maruani J et al., editors. Advances in Quantum Methods and Applications in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013. p. 75–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.

Blog post

Taub B. Living In A City May Increase The Risk Of Psychosis In Children. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/urban-living-may-increase-risk-psychosis-among-children/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cruz S. Keeping families together: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Before Taking Shows to Audiences, Networks Try to Win Over Critics. New York Times 2016:B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.
ISSN (print)	0891-5520
ISSN (online)	1557-9824
Scope	Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)