How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. Malin, “Oceans. New pieces for the marine sulfur cycle jigsaw,” Science, vol. 314, no. 5799, pp. 607–608, Oct. 2006.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

T. Ju and R. D. Cummings, “Protein glycosylation: chaperone mutation in Tn syndrome,” Nature, vol. 437, no. 7063, p. 1252, Oct. 2005.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Ditzen, M. Pellegrino, and L. B. Vosshall, “Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent DEET,” Science, vol. 319, no. 5871, pp. 1838–1842, Mar. 2008.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Wacey et al., “Enhanced cellular preservation by clay minerals in 1 billion-year-old lakes,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 5841, Jul. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. A. Selyanin, P. Y. Boykov, V. N. Khabarov, and F. Polyak, Hyaluronic Acid. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

M. Jeusfeld, L. Delcambre, and T.-W. Ling, Eds., Conceptual Modeling – ER 2011: 30th International Conference, ER 2011, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 3, 2011. Proceedings, vol. 6998. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6998. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. J. Bauer and G. L. Francis, “Molecular Aspects of Thyroid Cancer in Children,” in Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management, L. Wartofsky and D. Van Nostrand, Eds., New York, NY: Springer, 2016, pp. 31–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, “Researchers Find That Prawns Could Help Protect Against Bilharzia,” IFLScience. Accessed: Oct. 30, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-find-prawns-could-help-protect-against-bilharzia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Aviation Security: Immediate Action Needed to Improve Security,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, T-RCED/NSIAD-96-237, Aug. 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. Clayton-Clark, “Academic performance strategies implemented by successful California superintendents in low-performing school districts,” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Viera, “Giants’ Manning Needs 12 Stitches After a Collision,” New York Times, p. B12, Aug. 17, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
ISSN (print)	0885-8969
Scope	Energy Engineering and Power Technology Electrical and Electronic Engineering