How to format your references using the Future Cities and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Future Cities and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hublin J-J (2014) Anthropology. How to build a Neandertal. Science 344:1338–1339

A journal article with 2 authors

Yagi M, Oikawa S (2014) Ontogenetic phase shifts in metabolism in a flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Sci Rep 4:7135

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu F, Bakht S, Dean C (2012) Cotranscriptional role for Arabidopsis DICER-LIKE 4 in transcription termination. Science 335:1621–1623

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lelieveld J, van Aardenne J, Fischer H, et al (2004) Increasing ozone over the Atlantic Ocean. Science 304:1483–1487

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang B-C (2008) Digital Signal Processing Techniques and Applications in Radar Image Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ginat DT, Small JE, Schaefer PW (2015) Neuroimaging Pharmacopoeia. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Rothschild BM, Schultze H-P, Pellegrini R (2012) Annotated Bibliography A-C. In: Schultze H-P, Pellegrini R (eds) Herpetological Osteopathology: Annotated Bibliography of Amphibians and Reptiles. Springer, New York, NY, pp 55–115

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Future Cities and Environment.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) Google’s AI Is Now Creating Its Own AI. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/google-ai-creating-own-ai/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979) Alternatives for the Bureau of Indian Affairs Public School Financial Assistance Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sanute PJ (2012) What power? A mixed methods study of nonformal education teacher perceptions of social power. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD, Vogel KP (2017) Seat at Le Cirque, and a Word With Trump, for $250,000. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Future Cities and Environment
Abbreviation	Futur. Cities Environ.
ISSN (online)	2363-9075
Scope