How to format your references using the FEMS Microbiology Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for FEMS Microbiology Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lee PH. Should we adjust for a confounder if empirical and theoretical criteria yield contradictory results? A simulation study. Sci Rep 2014;4:6085.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kioussis D, Georgopoulos K. Epigenetic flexibility underlying lineage choices in the adaptive immune system. Science 2007;317:620–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Whiteus C, Freitas C, Grutzendler J. Perturbed neural activity disrupts cerebral angiogenesis during a postnatal critical period. Nature 2014;505:407–11.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Peng Q, Ji W, Lian J et al. Pressure effect on stabilities of self-interstitials in HCP-zirconium. Sci Rep 2014;4:5735.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Daïan J-F. Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

Heshmati A ed. Poverty and Well-Being in East Africa: A Multi-Faceted Economic Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Tlapa-Mendoza D, Limón-Romero J, Báez-López Y et al. Process Improvement: The Six Sigma Approach. In: García-Alcaraz JL, Maldonado-Macías AA, Cortes-Robles G (eds.). Lean Manufacturing in the Developing World: Methodology, Case Studies and Trends from Latin America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014, 87–115.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for FEMS Microbiology Reviews.

Blog post

Andrew D. Will The Great Barrier Reef Recover From Its Worst-Ever Bleaching? IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Standards: Army Cancels Restrictive 3-Tier Architecture Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mason MC. A Heart Like a Fakir’s The Life and Times of General Sir James Abbott, KCB. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly D. Smoked. New York Times. September 21, 2008:BR18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lee 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Kioussis and Georgopoulos 2007; Lee 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kioussis and Georgopoulos 2007)
Three authors: (Whiteus, Freitas and Grutzendler 2014)
4 or more authors: (Peng et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Abbreviation	FEMS Microbiol. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0168-6445
ISSN (online)	1574-6976
Scope	Microbiology Infectious Diseases