How to format your references using the European Respiratory Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Respiratory Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holmes JA. Ecology. How the Sahara became dry. Science 2008; 320: 752–753.

A journal article with 2 authors

Selby D, Creaser RA. Direct radiometric dating of hydrocarbon deposits using rhenium-osmium isotopes. Science 2005; 308: 1293–1295.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lou X, Scheuss V, Schneggenburger R. Allosteric modulation of the presynaptic Ca2+ sensor for vesicle fusion. Nature 2005; 435: 497–501.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Levy YY, Mesnage S, Mylne JS, Gendall AR, Dean C. Multiple roles of Arabidopsis VRN1 in vernalization and flowering time control. Science 2002; 297: 243–246.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sauter M. From GSM to LTE-Advanced. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Bischi GI, Panchuk A, Radi D, editors. Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems, Tools and Applications for Economic Modelling: Lectures Given at the COST Training School on New Economic Complex Geography at Urbino, Italy, 17-19 September 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Charbel Issa P, Holz FG. VEGF-Inhibition in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2. In: Stahl A, editor. Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Ophthalmology Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 79–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Respiratory Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Global Economy Grew Last Year Without a Rise In CO2 Emissions [Internet]. IFLScience IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30].Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/global-economy-grew-last-year-without-rise-co2-emissions/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer and Innovation Can Help Cities Identify Problems and Solutions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975 AugReport No.: PSAD-75-110. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schwartz DA. Safe Travels? An Examination of the Search and Rescue Policies and Capabilities in the Northwest Passage Region [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW, Corkery M, Davis JH. White House Will Offer Plan to Help Puerto Rico. New York Times 2015; : B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Respiratory Journal
Abbreviation	Eur. Respir. J.
ISSN (print)	0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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