How to format your references using the European Respiratory Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Respiratory Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barry CE. Tuberculosis: Drug discovery goes au naturel. Nature 2014; 506: 436–437.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rivera MC, Lake JA. The ring of life provides evidence for a genome fusion origin of eukaryotes. Nature 2004; 431: 152–155.

A journal article with 3 authors

Javaux EJ, Marshall CP, Bekker A. Organic-walled microfossils in 3.2-billion-year-old shallow-marine siliciclastic deposits. Nature 2010; 463: 934–938.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Metzger E, Imhof A, Patel D, et al. Phosphorylation of histone H3T6 by PKCbeta(I) controls demethylation at histone H3K4. Nature 2010; 464: 792–796.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kracke E-A, Lodde K. Leitfaden Straßenbrücken. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2011.

An edited book

Guex J. Discrete Biochronological Time Scales. 1st ed. 2016. Galster F, Hammer Ø, eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Lyons AC, Mondragon AEC, Piller F, et al. Mass Customisation: A Strategy for Customer-Centric Enterprises. In: Coronado Mondragon AE, Piller F, Poler R, eds. Customer-Driven Supply Chains: From Glass Pipelines to Open Innovation Networks London: Springer; 2012. p. 71–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Respiratory Journal.

Blog post

Andrews R. Astonishingly Well-Preserved Dinosaur Found With Fossilized Tail Feathers And Skin Tissue [Internet]. IFLScience IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bird-mimic-dinosaur-found-preserved-tail-feathers-and-skin-tissue/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Export Controls: National Security Risks and Revisions to Controls on Computer Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 MarReport No.: T-NSIAD-00-139. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powell FM. A study of the effects of nanoparticle modification on the thermal, mechanical and hygrothermal performance of carbon/vinyl ester composites [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. Austin Auteur Tries Traditional but Stays Eccentric. New York Times 2012; : A27B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Respiratory Journal
Abbreviation	Eur. Respir. J.
ISSN (print)	0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine