How to format your references using the Energy Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McGill, B.J., 2010. Ecology. Matters of scale. Science 328, 575–576.

A journal article with 2 authors

Baker, R.P., Urban, S., 2015. Cytosolic extensions directly regulate a rhomboid protease by modulating substrate gating. Nature 523, 101–105.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schirle, N.T., Sheu-Gruttadauria, J., MacRae, I.J., 2014. Structural basis for microRNA targeting. Science 346, 608–613.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hakimi, M.-A., Bochar, D.A., Schmiesing, J.A., Dong, Y., Barak, O.G., Speicher, D.W., Yokomori, K., Shiekhattar, R., 2002. A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes. Nature 418, 994–998.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shover, L., 2010. Trading Options in Turbulent Markets. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Hoppe, H.U., Ogata, H., Soller, A. (Eds.), 2007. The Role of Technology in CSCL: Studies in Technology Enhanced Collaborative Learning, Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Zupanc, G.K.H., 2011. Adult Neurogenesis in Teleost Fish, in: Seki, T., Sawamoto, K., Parent, J.M., Alvarez-Buylla, A. (Eds.), Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain I: Neurobiology. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 137–167.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Reports.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2016. Gay Termites Kill Straight Males To Steal Their Wives [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/gay-termites-kill-straight-males-steal-wives/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Computer Matching Act: OMB and Selected Agencies Need to Ensure Consistent Implementation (No. GAO-14-44). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilson, B.R., 2009. A correlational study: Parental involvement to student achievement in public education (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman, J., 2017. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times MM28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McGill, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Baker and Urban, 2015; McGill, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Baker and Urban, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Hakimi et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Reports
ISSN (print)	2352-4847
Scope	General Energy