How to format your references using the Energy Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Faist, J., 2000. APPLIED PHYSICS: Smaller, Faster Midinfrared Lasers. Science 290, 1713–1714.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roberts, L., Travis, J., 2012. Mysteries of the brain. Science 338, 30.

A journal article with 3 authors

MacDonald, M.P., Spalding, G.C., Dholakia, K., 2003. Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice. Nature 426, 421–424.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Agliari, E., Barra, A., Burioni, R., Di Biasio, A., Uguzzoni, G., 2013. Collective behaviours: from biochemical kinetics to electronic circuits. Sci. Rep. 3, 3458.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ng, R., 2005. Drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ritacco, L.E., Milano, F.E., Chao, E. (Eds.), 2016. Computer-Assisted Musculoskeletal Surgery: Thinking and Executing in 3D, 1st ed. 2016. ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Gervais, M., Ubalijoro, E., 2013. Productive Remembering for Social Action and Change, in: Strong-Wilson, T., Mitchell, C., Susann, A., Pithouse-Morgan, K. (Eds.), Productive Remembering and Social Agency, Transgressions. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp. 61–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Reports.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2017. Hubble Captures New View Of The Vermin Galaxy And A Protoplanetary Disk [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/hubble-captures-new-view-of-the-vermin-galaxy-and-a-protoplanetary-disk/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. Computer Capacity: IRS Must Better Estimate Its Computer Resource Needs (No. IMTEC-87-5BR). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wistrom, C.A., 2017. Perceptions of School Leaders Regarding the Benefits of Leadership Dashboards (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Landler, M., Risen, J., 2017. Mineral Wealth In Afghanistan Tempts Trump. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Faist, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Faist, 2000; Roberts and Travis, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roberts and Travis, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Agliari et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Reports
ISSN (print)	2352-4847
Scope	General Energy