How to format your references using the Diabetes Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Falkowski PG. Evolution. Tracing oxygen’s imprint on earth’s metabolic evolution. Science. 2006;311:1724–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cheng CL, Novales Flamarique I. Opsin expression: new mechanism for modulating colour vision. Nature. 2004;428:279.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schröder GF, Levitt M, Brunger AT. Super-resolution biomolecular crystallography with low-resolution data. Nature. 2010;464:1218–22.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Alam MS, Kuo JL, Ernst PB, Derr-Castillo V, Pereira M, Gaines D, et al. Ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73) regulates host inflammatory responses and exacerbates murine salmonellosis. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4486.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kusumoto F. Understanding Intracardiac EGMs. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Schomburg D, Schomburg I, Chang A, editors. Springer Handbook of Enzymes: Class 2 · Transferases XII EC 2.7.8–2.9.1. Second Edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Müller T, Taubmann B, Freiling FC. TreVisor. In: Bao F, Samarati P, Zhou J, editors. Applied Cryptography and Network Security: 10th International Conference, ACNS 2012, Singapore, June 26-29, 2012 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 66–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes Therapy.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Stories From The Sky: Astronomy In Indigenous Knowledge [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/stories-sky-astronomy-indigenous-knowledge/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. NASA Travel: Passenger Aircraft Services Annually Cost Taxpayers Millions More Than Commercial Airlines. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Aug. Report No.: GAO-05-818.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gamez Grijalva VM. Biological and physical-chemical methods for treatment of semiconductor manufacturing effluents [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Branch J. Leader of U.S. Governing Body Resigns as Scandal Spreads. New York Times. 2017 Mar 16;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes Therapy
Abbreviation	Diabetes Ther.
ISSN (print)	1869-6953
ISSN (online)	1869-6961
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine