How to format your references using the Diabetes Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Buckingham S. Getting the meaning. Nature. 2004;428:776.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Levine B, Elazar Z. Development. Inheriting maternal mtDNA. Science. 2011;334:1069–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ashton A, Murray AB, Arnault O. Formation of coastline features by large-scale instabilities induced by high-angle waves. Nature. 2001;414:296–300.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Thaiss CA, Levy M, Grosheva I, Zheng D, Soffer E, Blacher E, et al. Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection. Science. 2018;359:1376–83.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Polushkin V. Nuclear Electronics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Harisinghani MG. Genitourinary Imaging: A Case Based Approach. Rajesh A, editor. London: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Franco J, Kaczer B, Groeseneken G. Negative Bias Temperature Instability in (Si)Ge pMOSFETs. In: Kaczer B, Groeseneken G, editors. Reliability of High Mobility SiGe Channel MOSFETs for Future CMOS Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 99–129.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes Therapy.

Blog post

1. Fang J. New Map Shows That Asteroids Hit Earth Far More Often Than We Thought [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/over-500-fireballs-have-impacted-earth-last-20-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Icing and Winter Weather-Related Recommendations That NTSB Has Issued Since 1996 (GAO-10-679SP), an E-supplement to (GAO-10-678). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Jul. Report No.: GAO-10-679SP.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rodriguez JM. Navy Supply Corps officer’s perspective on effective leadership [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hollander S. City College Senior Seeks Yet Another Record. New York Times. 2003 Feb 1;D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes Therapy
Abbreviation	Diabetes Ther.
ISSN (print)	1869-6953
ISSN (online)	1869-6961
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine