How to format your references using the Continuity and Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Continuity and Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

D. J. Emlen, ‘Costs and the diversification of exaggerated animal structures’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 291, 5508 (2001), 1534–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peter Carmeliet and Marc Tessier-Lavigne, ‘Common mechanisms of nerve and blood vessel wiring’, Nature 436, 7048 (2005), 193–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xianchun Li, Mary A. Schuler and May R. Berenbaum, ‘Jasmonate and salicylate induce expression of herbivore cytochrome P450 genes’, Nature 419, 6908 (2002), 712–5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Poulikos I. Poulikakos, Yogindra Persaud, Manickam Janakiraman, Xiangju Kong, Charles Ng, Gatien Moriceau, Hubing Shi, Mohammad Atefi, Bjoern Titz, May Tal Gabay, Maayan Salton, Kimberly B. Dahlman, Madhavi Tadi, Jennifer A. Wargo, Keith T. Flaherty, Mark C. Kelley, Tom Misteli, Paul B. Chapman, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Thomas G. Graeber, Antoni Ribas, Roger S. Lo, Neal Rosen and David B. Solit, ‘RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E)’, Nature 480, 7377 (2011), 387–90.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eugene F. Rogers Jr, Aquinas and the Supreme Court, (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013).

An edited book

Theodore Eliades and George Eliades eds., Plastics in Dentistry and Estrogenicity: A Guide to Safe Practice, (Springer, 2014).

A chapter in an edited book

Basab Bijoy Purkayastha and Kandarpa Kumar Sarma, ‘Basic Considerations of PLL and Its Types’, in Kandarpa Kumar Sarma ed., A Digital Phase Locked Loop based Signal and Symbol Recovery System for Wireless Channel (Springer India, 2015), 89–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Continuity and Change.

Blog post

Elise Andrew, ‘Awesome Flying Car Prototype Unveiled’, IFLScience (IFLScience, 2014) https://www.iflscience.com/technology/awesome-flying-car-prototype-unveiled/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Surface Transportation: Funding Limitations and Barriers To Cross-Modal Decision Making, (U.S. Government Printing Office, 31 March 1993).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lynn DeSpain, The Relationship between Police Supervisor Training and Job Satisfaction Levels as Reported by Patrol Officers, (Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2008).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

George Vecsey, ‘In Snowstorm, U.S. Finds Remedy For a Cold Spell’, New York Times, 24 March 2013, SP9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Continuity and Change
ISSN (print)	0268-4160
ISSN (online)	1469-218X
Scope