How to format your references using the Chest citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chest. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Underwood E. Neuroscience. A faster, brighter picture of brain cells in action. Science 2015;350(6263):895.

A journal article with 2 authors

Toner DLK, Grima R. Effects of bursty protein production on the noisy oscillatory properties of downstream pathways. Sci Rep 2013;3:2438.

A journal article with 3 authors

Simon P, Gogotsi Y, Dunn B. Materials science. Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin? Science 2014;343(6176):1210–1211.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lim SP, Pandikumar A, Lim YS, Huang NM, Lim HN. In-situ electrochemically deposited polypyrrole nanoparticles incorporated reduced graphene oxide as an efficient counter electrode for platinum-free dye-sensitized solar cells. Sci Rep 2014;4:5305.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Noyer J-M. Transformation of Collective Intelligences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Härdle WK. Multivariate Statistics: Exercises and Solutions. 2nd ed. 2015. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Kitagawa G. Prospective Scientific Methodology in Knowledge Society. In: Washio T, Suzuki E, Ting KM, Inokuchi A, editors. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: 12th Pacific-Asia Conference, PAKDD 2008 Osaka, Japan, May 20-23, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 30–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chest.

Blog post

Fang J. Lower Testosterone, Feminine Skull Features Helped Civilize Ancient Humans [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/lower-testosterone-feminine-skull-features-helped-civilize-ancient-humans/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Decision To Close the Sacramento Loan Guaranty Office and Planned Study of Other Loan Guaranty Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Terry EJ. In search of leadership: A look at women presidents in Georgia’s two-year colleges and technical colleges. 2008;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wasik JF. How to Get Financial Advice in Your Best Interest. New York Times. 2017;BU6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chest
Abbreviation	Chest
ISSN (print)	0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine