How to format your references using the Chest citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chest. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Small world, big opportunities. Nature 2002;418(6899):4–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kollatschny W, Zetzl M. Broad-line active galactic nuclei rotate faster than narrow-line ones. Nature 2011;470(7334):366–368.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jonsson GE, Miljkovic V, Dmitriev A. Nanoplasmon-enabled macroscopic thermal management. Sci Rep 2014;4:5111.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Serreli V, Lee C-F, Kay ER, Leigh DA. A molecular information ratchet. Nature 2007;445(7127):523–527.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Snopek L. The Complete Guide to Portfolio Construction and Management. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Krishnamurti C, Vishwanath R, editors. Investment Management: A Modern Guide to Security Analysis and Stock Selection. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Dempster AP. A Generalization of Bayesian Inference. In: Yager RR, Liu L, editors. Classic Works of the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 73–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chest.

Blog post

Andrew E. Microbes: The Tiny Sentinels That Can Help Us Diagnose Sick Oceans [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/microbes-tiny-sentinels-can-help-us-diagnose-sick-oceans/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Alternative Jet Fuels: Federal Activities Support Development and Usage, but Long-term Commercial Viability Hinges on Market Factors. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tabak S. Aspiring States at the International Court of Justice. 2015;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. School Life. New York Times. 2017;C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chest
Abbreviation	Chest
ISSN (print)	0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine