How to format your references using the BioMedical Engineering OnLine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BioMedical Engineering OnLine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Potenza M. Perspective: Behavioural addictions matter. Nature. 2015;522:S62.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Yamamoto J, Tanaka H. Transparent nematic phase in a liquid-crystal-based microemulsion. Nature. 2001;409:321–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kimchi T, Xu J, Dulac C. A functional circuit underlying male sexual behaviour in the female mouse brain. Nature. 2007;448:1009–14.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Paukner A, Suomi SJ, Visalberghi E, Ferrari PF. Capuchin monkeys display affiliation toward humans who imitate them. Science. 2009;325:880–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. McDonnell G, Sheard D. A Practical Guide to Decontamination in Healthcare. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Freddi A. Experimental Stress Analysis for Materials and Structures: Stress Analysis Models for Developing Design Methodologies. Olmi G, Cristofolini L, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Takahashi A. Diagnosis of Lateral Extensions. In: Oyama T, editor. Endoscopic Diagnosis of Superficial Gastric Cancer for ESD. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016. p. 29–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BioMedical Engineering OnLine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Human Stem Cells Successfully Implanted In Pigs [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/human-stem-cells-successfully-implanted-pigs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Maritime Administration: Efforts To Improve Data on the Federal Ship Financing Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987 Aug. Report No.: RCED-87-58.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ray RT. Utilization of a Clinical Reminder System to Increase the Incidence of HIV Screening in a Primary Care Clinic [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dash E. Standard & Poor’s Lowers More Ratings. New York Times. 2011 Aug 9;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BioMedical Engineering OnLine
Abbreviation	Biomed. Eng. Online
ISSN (online)	1475-925X
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Biomaterials General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology