How to format your references using the BioMedical Engineering OnLine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BioMedical Engineering OnLine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Menaker M. Circadian rhythms. Circadian photoreception. Science. 2003;299:213–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Johnson JP Jr, Zagotta WN. Rotational movement during cyclic nucleotide-gated channel opening. Nature. 2001;412:917–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lohrer AM, Thrush SF, Gibbs MM. Bioturbators enhance ecosystem function through complex biogeochemical interactions. Nature. 2004;431:1092–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Gentili D, Durso M, Bettini C, Manet I, Gazzano M, Capelli R, et al. A time-temperature integrator based on fluorescent and polymorphic compounds. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2581.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Gordon J. Training Camp. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

1. Maudet N, Parsons S, Rahwan I, editors. Argumentation in Multi-Agent Systems: Third International Workshop, ArgMAS 2006 Hakodate, Japan, May 8, 2006 Revised Selected and Invited Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Das A, Roy J, Chakrabarti S. The Shades of Suffering. In: Roy J, Chakraborti S, editors. Socio-Economic Analysis of Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 13–7.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BioMedical Engineering OnLine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Identify Two New Genetic Variants Linked To Increased Breast Cancer Risk [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-identify-two-new-genetic-variants-linked-increased-breast-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Opportunity For Savings By Consolidating Photographic Operations At The John F. Kennedy Space Center And The Air Force Eastern Test Range. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1968 Jan. Report No.: B-162902.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Arendt KR. Symbiosis establishment and ecological effects of endohyphal bacteria on foliar fungi [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly M. UNDER THE DOME: On Stage; A 32-Year Congressman Joins The Attack on His Colleagues. New York Times. 1992 Aug 19;A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BioMedical Engineering OnLine
Abbreviation	Biomed. Eng. Online
ISSN (online)	1475-925X
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Biomaterials General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Radiological and Ultrasound Technology