How to format your references using the Bioelectromagnetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bioelectromagnetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mann A. 2011. Cosmology: The hunting of the dark. Nature 471:433–435.

A journal article with 2 authors

Waldschmidt TJ, Noelle RJ. 2001. Immunology. Long live the mature B cell--a baffling mystery resolved. Science 293:2012–2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rowe TB, Macrini TE, Luo Z-X. 2011. Fossil evidence on origin of the mammalian brain. Science 332:955–957.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ju B-G, Lunyak VV, Perissi V, Garcia-Bassets I, Rose DW, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG. 2006. A topoisomerase IIbeta-mediated dsDNA break required for regulated transcription. Science 312:1798–1802.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Foote M, Hillier J, Mitchell-Wallace K, Jones M. 2017. Natural catastrophe risk management and modelling. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Castillo O, Pedrycz W, Kacprzyk J eds. 2009. Evolutionary Design of Intelligent Systems in Modeling, Simulation and Control. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. Vol. 257. Studies in Computational Intelligence.

A chapter in an edited book

Rula A, Maurino A, Batini C. 2016. Data Quality Issues in Linked Open Data. In: Scannapieco, M, editor. Data and Information Quality: Dimensions, Principles and Techniques. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Data-Centric Systems and Applications p. 87–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bioelectromagnetics.

Blog post

Luntz S. 2014. Is There A Planet X? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/there-planet-x/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. Information Technology: DHS Needs to Enhance Management of Cost and Schedule for Major Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moretto L. 2012. Exploring the Nature of the Relationship Between Decision-Driven Scenarios and Decision Confidence in High-Velocity Environments. Doctoral dissertation; Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. 2016. Oh, Forget That Love Stuff. All You Need Is Selfishness. New York Times, October 20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Bioelectromagnetics
Abbreviation	Bioelectromagnetics
ISSN (print)	0197-8462
ISSN (online)	1521-186X
Scope	Biophysics Physiology General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging