How to format your references using the Bioelectromagnetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bioelectromagnetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gaston KJ. 2010. Ecology. Valuing common species. Science 327:154–155.

A journal article with 2 authors

Siomi H, Siomi MC. 2009. On the road to reading the RNA-interference code. Nature 457:396–404.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chalifoux WA, Reznik SK, Leighton JL. 2012. Direct and highly regioselective and enantioselective allylation of β-diketones. Nature 487:86–89.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kishikawa T, Otsuka M, Yoshikawa T, Ohno M, Takata A, Shibata C, Kondo Y, Akanuma M, Yoshida H, Koike K. 2013. Regulation of the expression of the liver cancer susceptibility gene MICA by microRNAs. Sci. Rep. 3:2739.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kenny T. 2014. The Nuts and Bolts of Implantable Device Therapy Pacemakers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Lieberman H, Paternò F, Wulf V eds. 2006. End User Development. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Vol. 9. Human-Computer Interaction Series.

A chapter in an edited book

Khairallah M, Kahloun R. 2014. Infections of the Eyelids. In: Tabbara, KF, El-Asrar, AMA, Khairallah, M, editors. Ocular Infections. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. Essentials in Ophthalmology p. 51–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bioelectromagnetics.

Blog post

Luntz S. 2014. Researchers Discover Genetic Link To Autism. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-discover-genetic-link-autism/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Critical Infrastructure Protection: National Plan for Information Systems Protection. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vallaster JR. 2019. Recognizing and Supporting the Forgotten Poverty Frontier: Exploring Suburban School Poverty in Elementary Schools. Doctoral dissertation; Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. 2017. The Inexhaustible Four. New York Times, May 4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Bioelectromagnetics
Abbreviation	Bioelectromagnetics
ISSN (print)	0197-8462
ISSN (online)	1521-186X
Scope	Biophysics Physiology General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging