How to format your references using the Biodiversity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodiversity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sales, Brian C. 2002. “Thermoelectric Materials. Smaller Is Cooler.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295 (5558): 1248–1249.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim, Namjun, and Clare P. Grey. 2002. “Probing Oxygen Motion in Disordered Anionic Conductors with 17O and 51V MAS NMR Spectroscopy.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 297 (5585): 1317–1320.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lind, Gustav, Cecilia Eriksson Linsmeier, and Jens Schouenborg. 2013. “The Density Difference between Tissue and Neural Probes Is a Key Factor for Glial Scarring.” Scientific Reports 3 (October): 2942.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Li, Baojuan, Karl J. Friston, Jian Liu, Yang Liu, Guopeng Zhang, Fenglin Cao, Linyan Su, Shuqiao Yao, Hongbing Lu, and Dewen Hu. 2014. “Impaired Frontal-Basal Ganglia Connectivity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction.” Scientific Reports 4 (May): 5027.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Szpankowski, Wojciech. 2001. Average Case Analysis of Algorithms on Sequences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Prasad, Ramjee, and Sudhir Dixit, eds. 2016. Wireless World in 2050 and Beyond: A Window into the Future! Springer Series in Wireless Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Quinton, Stephen R. 2012. “Rethinking Learning in the 21st Century.” In Higher Education Management and Operational Research: Demonstrating New Practices and Metaphors, edited by Gary Bell, Jon Warwick, and Peter Galbraith, 65–77. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodiversity.

Blog post

Hamilton, Kristy. 2015. “What Happens When Hummingbirds Fly In A Wind Tunnel?” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/what-happens-when-hummingbirds-fly-wind-tunnel/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Medical Residents: Options Exist to Make Student Loan Payments Manageable. HRD-92-21. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simone, Pamela S. 2012. “A Mixed Methods Study of Culturally Proficient Practices in an Elementary School.” Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2011. “Redemption Is in Burress’s Sizable Reach.” New York Times, October 24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sales 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Sales 2002; Kim and Grey 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kim and Grey 2002)
Three authors: (Lind, Linsmeier, and Schouenborg 2013)
4 or more authors: (Li et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodiversity
Abbreviation	Biodiversity (Nepean)
ISSN (print)	1488-8386
ISSN (online)	2160-0651
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change Nature and Landscape Conservation