How to format your references using the Biodiversity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodiversity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hastings, Alan. 2003. “Metapopulation Persistence with Age-Dependent Disturbance or Succession.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 301 (5639): 1525–1526.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thomassen, Mary Jane, and Mani S. Kavuru. 2014. “Lung Disease: Treatment by Cell Transplant.” Nature 514 (7523): 438–440.

A journal article with 3 authors

Leman, Luke, Leslie Orgel, and M. Reza Ghadiri. 2004. “Carbonyl Sulfide-Mediated Prebiotic Formation of Peptides.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 (5694): 283–286.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Chiritescu, Catalin, David G. Cahill, Ngoc Nguyen, David Johnson, Arun Bodapati, Pawel Keblinski, and Paul Zschack. 2007. “Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Disordered, Layered WSe2 Crystals.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 315 (5810): 351–353.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Salam, Akbar. 2009. Molecular Quantum Electrodynamics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Liamputtong, Pranee, ed. 2016. Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Cross-Cultural Research in Health, Illness and Well-Being. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Giardina, Emiliano, Cecilia Sinibaldi, Cristina Peconi, and Giuseppe Novelli. 2007. “Dermatite Atopica: Genetica.” In La Scuola Dell’atopia, edited by Carlo Gelmetti, 37–47. Milano: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodiversity.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “520 Million Year Old Cardiovascular System Found.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/520-million-year-old-cardiovascular-system-found/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1974. Problems Affecting Operations at the St. Louis Postal Data Center. B-180235. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ayres, Robert. 2017. “Optimization of a Novel Oxy-Michael Ugi-Smiles Reaction.” Doctoral dissertation, Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, Michael. 2017. “A Toothy Strongman Gets a Role at the Met Opera.” New York Times, May 19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hastings 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Hastings 2003; Thomassen and Kavuru 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Thomassen and Kavuru 2014)
Three authors: (Leman, Orgel, and Ghadiri 2004)
4 or more authors: (Chiritescu et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodiversity
Abbreviation	Biodiversity (Nepean)
ISSN (print)	1488-8386
ISSN (online)	2160-0651
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change Nature and Landscape Conservation